standards

• Osi/cmip
Most complete, object oriented and well
structured.
• Snmp/internet
Intended for management of internet components.
• Tmn
Addresses both network and administrative aspects
of management
• Ieee
Addresses management of lans and mans
 models
• Organization model
It comprises of the manager, agent and managed objects
• Information model
It deals with the structure and organization of
management information since it specifies the smi and
mib
• Communication model
It has three components, management application
processes, layer management, layer operations.
• Functional model
Its deals with the user-oriented requirements of nm.
 Abstract Syntax Notation One:
- ASN.1
• ASN.1 is more than a syntax; it’s a language
• Addresses both syntax and semantics
• Two type of syntax
• Abstract syntax: set of rules that specify data type and
structure for information storage
• Transfer syntax: set of rules for communicating
information between systems
• Makes application layer protocols independent of lower
layer protocols
• Can generate machine-readable code: Basic Encoding
Rules (BER) is used in management modules
 symbols
• Symbol Meaning
• ::= Defined as
• | or, alternative, options of a list
• - Signed number
• -- Following the symbol are comments
• {} Start and end of a list
• [] Start and end of a tag
• () Start and end of subtype
• .. Range
 Testing and Test Control
Notation(TTCN)
• TTCN is a programming language used for testing of
communication protocols and web services. A TTCN test
suite consists of many test cases written in the TTCN
programming language. Until version 2 the language was
written in tables and called Tree and Tabular Combined
Notation. Reading and editing this language required
special TTCN editors. Beginning with version 3 TTCN was
renamed to Testing and Test Control Notation. It is now
closer to current programming languages and can be edited
with traditional editors. TTCN-3 is more flexible than TTCN-
2 in that it can be used for protocol testing as well as
testing traditional software.
•
 Application service
• Application Services (often used instead of application
management services or application services management) are a
pool of services such as load balancing, application performance
monitoring, application acceleration, auto scaling, micro
segmentation, service proxy and service discovery needed to
optimally deploy, run and improve applications.
• The process of configuring, monitoring, optimizing and
orchestrating different app services is known as application services
management.
• An application service provider (ASP) is a company that offers
individuals or enterprises access to applications and related services
over the internet. The term has largely been replaced by software
as a service (SaaS) provider, although in some parts of the world,
companies use the two labels interchangeably
 Contin..
• Difference between ASP and SaaS delivery models
• In an ASP delivery model, the customer typically purchases
software and pays an ASP to host and maintain it. In contrast, SaaS
vendors manage the software they have developed on their own.
• Traditional ASPs used a single-tenant architecture and software
clients had to be installed on the end users' computers. In contrast,
SaaS providers use a multi-tenant architecture that allows an
application to be accessed through a web browser and serve
multiple users and businesses.
• Customers who still need providers that will host specific,
customized applications or off-the-shelf applications in a secure
data center, may still choose to look for an application service
provider.
 Management protocol
• Network Management Protocol (NMP) is a suite of network protocols that
define the processes, procedures and policies for managing, monitoring and
maintaining a computer network. NMP conveys and manages the
operations and communications performed on a computer network.
• Network Management Protocol addresses a series of different tasks aimed
at operating a network for optimal performance. It is generally used by a
human network manager to evaluate and troubleshoot the network
connection between a host and client device. When executed, these
protocols provide information such as the status of a host and information
about its availability, network latency, packet/data loss, errors and other
related information. The procedures and policies defined within NMP are
equally applicable to all network-enabled computing devices such as
switches, routers, computers and servers.
• The management protocols are CMIP for the OSI model & SNMP for the
Internet model.
 Transport protocol
• Transport protocol
• A communications protocol responsible for
establishing a connection and ensuring that all
data has arrived safely. It is defined in layer 4 of
the OSI model. Often, the term transport
protocol implies transport services, which
includes the lower-level data link protocol that
moves packets from one node to another.
• Transport protocols are the first four OSI layers
for the OSI model and TCP/IP over any of the first
two layers for the Internet model.