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Water Resource

Planning and
Management
Introduction
DEFINITIONS AND RELATION

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What is Water Resource
Planning and Management?

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DEFINITION

Water Resources
are natural resources of water that
are potentially useful.

▸ Agricultural
▸ Industrial
▸ Household
▸ Recreational
▸ Environmental
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DEFINITION

Planning
decide on and arrange in advance

Management
to take charge or care of

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Water Resource Planning
and Management
is the activity of planning, developing,
distributing and managing the optimum
use of water resources

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Relation of

HYDROLOGY?

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Relation of

HYDROLOGY?
Hydrology is needed for
the accurate definition and
control of the water balance
for different space and time
increments

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TYPES OF
PLANNING

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IN TERMS OF PROCESS
▸ Linear Planning (Old Approach)
The major components of water master
planning: water resources, water demand
analyses, system design and socio-economic
justification follow each other (Sequentially)
▸ Cyclic Planning (New Approach)
The sequence of the activities of the planning
components is repeated several times

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SCOPE OF PLANNING

▸ Single purpose plan


It has to do with single activity such
as water supply or irrigation or flood
control….etc

▸ Multi purpose plan


It aims at satisfying a number of
purposes at the same time, such as
irrigation, hydropower, water supply,
environmental management
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SCOPE OF PLANNING
▸ Master Plan
It used to exploit the opportunities for single and
multipurpose water resources projects in a defined
geographic area over a specific period of time
(Stormwater Master Plan for Gaza City)

▸ Comprehensive or integrated plan


It is multi-unit, multipurpose and multiobjective plan
Consider both structural and non-structural
(institutional) alternative
It does not include feasibility studies of individual
projects

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AREAL EXTENT
▸ National Extent
To determine the national priorities for the allocation of
scarce water resources in view of the national objectives and
constraints.

▸ Regional Plan
Deals with the efficient allocation of water resources
across a larger area of land than an individual city or town.

▸ River Basin Plan


Generally contain descriptions of the water resources
in drainage basin and water allocations plans.

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TIME FRAME of plan
▸ Short Term Planning
It advantages the uncertainty in the scenario is small.
It disadvantages is the lakes vision on future
development.
▸ Long Term Planning
Try to set out long term perspective and guide lines for
future development of a nation, region or river basin.
It has large of uncertainty
It is a long term policy or tactical planning
▸ Strategic Planning (Open end Approach)
It is a combination of short term and long term planning
Wide possible range of future option should remain open
A plan exclude future development options is not
strategic, not flexible and not robust
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STAGES
IN WATER
RESOURCE
PLANNING

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STAGES IN WATER RESOURCE PLANNING

▸ Statement of Objectives
A clear-cut statement of the objectives of the projects.
▸ Collection of Data
- Hydrological Data
- Geological Data
- Demographic Data
- Economical Data
- Public and Political Opinion Data
- Spatial and Temporal Data
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STAGES IN WATER RESOURCE PLANNING

▸ Project for Future


Projection of future demand based on realistic possibilities.
▸ Unrealistic high values of water needs may result in overdesign
▸ Lower values may lead to water shortage

▸ Project Formulation
A list of possible alternative proposal should be drawn.
▸ Alternatives should be reduced after neglecting high cost projects
▸ Remaining alternatives should be studied and fully discussed their
limitation boundary conditions and the cost
▸ Final list should be comprehensive for further analysis of the project
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STAGES IN WATER RESOURCE PLANNING

▸ Project Analysis
Selecting the best of all the final list of alternatives based on:
▸ Economical
▸ Efficient
▸ Environmental Satisfactory

▸ Project Implementation
Phase where plans and visions become reality.

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IMPORTANCE
OF WRM

@LigayangKayGanda

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Importance of Water Resource Management

1. Water Conservation Strategy


2. Wetland Preservation
3. Rainwater Harvesting
4. Irrigation Management
5. Community Participation

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ABOUT THE
PHILIPPINES
and problems encountered

@MinhyukJohn

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Philippines and its Characteristic

• Archipelago
• Bounded by three large bodies of water
• climate of the country is tropical and monsoonal
• high relative humidity
• diversity of rainfall
• high frequency of tropical cyclone
• average annual rainfall of 2,400 mm
• mean runoff of 257cu. Km. with 90% of occurrence
• 59 lakes and 421 rivers
• underlain by extensive underground reservoir

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DISTRIBUTION OF WATER BY SECTOR

SURFACE WATER USE DISTRIBUTION

Industrial
9%
Domestic
17%

Agricultural
74%

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DISTRIBUTION OF WATER BY SECTOR

Groundwater Use Distribution

Domestic
63%

Agricultural
Agricultural
13% Industrial
Power Generation
Other
Domestic

Other Industrial
6% 17%
Power Generation
1%

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DISTRIBUTION OF WATER BY SECTOR

Change of Water Demand among Major Water Users, 1975


Change of Water Demand among Major Water Users, 2000

Agricultural, 85%

74%

15%
Domestic, 12% 11%
Industrial, 3%

Agricultural Domestic Industrial

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Irrigation (Agricultural Water Use)

▸ Agriculture is the highest water user with


approximately 3/4 share of the total water supply.
(Lansigan, 2006)

▸ Practically most of the water input in agriculture


sector goes to irrigation with a very little
percentage accounting to livestock raising and
other related activities. In the Philippines, irrigation
is always associated with [low land Paddy]rice
production which is water intensive and as much
as60% of water inputted at the head gate or
intake works of irrigation and water supply
systems is lost during conveyance (World Bank,
2004; NIA, 2004; NWRB, 2004).
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Sources of Irrigation Water

▸ River Diversion. Which pertains to water directly


diverted from the river through constructed channels,
pumping, or retention dams.

▸ Reservoir. Which pertains to water stored in


reservoir dams for use in agriculture especially
during dry season.

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Pumping:
water accessed
from the
groundwater.

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Water Resources Management Problems and Emerging
Issues

▸ In 2000, the Water Exploitation lndex (total water use


as percentage of the total renewable water
resources) of the Philippines is just approximately
7%. This figure tends to suggest that the need to
manage water use and conserve water resources
is not a pressing concern.

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Water Resources Management Problems and Emerging
Issues

▸ The Bank Water Sector (as cited in BSWM, 2005) believed that
the causes of water scarcity involves water availability
limitations, depletion of groundwater resources ,degradation of
freshwater sources, and the increasing cost of new water
source development. However, the problems may redound to
the water supply and demand management factors, and the
inability to establish a good social, legal, and institutional
support for effective water management system.

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Water Resources Management Problems and Emerging
Issues

▸ Overall, the problem is net absolute shortage of


water. The problem is mismatch of supply-demand,
mainly due to inadequate infrastructure to store
water low water use efficiency, and management
weaknesses.

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Fragmented Management and
Weak Institutional Framework

▸ One of the most critical issues confronting the Philippine


water sector is the lack of an appropriate institutional
framework to address issues of development and
management of water and related resources.

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Lack of Water Allocation Formula

▸ Most of the problems encountered by the Philippine


Water Sector today arise from an issue of conflicts of use
and water allocation. With the increase in population
coupled with worsening pollution of water bodies, lack of
infra-structure and facilities and dry spell causes water
shortages regularly in many areas resulting in allocation
issues and conflicting rights over the water supply.

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Limited Water Resources and their Spatial and Temporal
Distribution

▸ Although the Philippines is endowed with abundant


water resources, the distribution of these resources
varies widely in time and in place as a result of the
different geographic and climate conditions prevailing the
different parts of the country. Several factors and
processes affect t local and regional water resources.
Human activities, in particular, influence the hydrologic
cycle through change of water and land use.

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Economic Pricing

▸ The existing water pricing in the country does not


reflect the realities of scarcity or abundance of
water and there has been a minimal attention on
the economic value of water, It also does not
serve the function of allocating the scarce resource
to the most productive users and does not provide
economic incentive for efficient use and
conservation of water.

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Weak Water Use Regulation and Enforcement

▸ In the Philippines, only a handful knows there


is such thing as “water rights " (right granted for
the use of water beyond domestic purpose)
and that a "water permit" is granted by the
government, In contrast, many water users do
not have permits as proof of water rights.

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Outdated Framework Plan and Research

▸ Plans require updating from time to time but very little effort is
directed to the commissioning of similar studies and research.

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Environmental Degradation and Pollution

▸ Most of the watersheds in the Philippines are in critical


condition as manifested from recent and recurring
calami-ties. Massive deforestation and soil erosion is
evident and frequent flooding, water pollution and
contamination is jus but few of its consequences - with
16 to 18 times increase in suspended and dissolve solids
in rivers and draining streams and bodies of water as
one proof.

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INSTITUTIONS
CONCERNED

@LigayangKayGanda

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Institution Governing Water Resource
Management in the Philippines

NATIONAL LEVEL

DENR: FMB, EMB (Department of Environment and Natural


Resources: Forest Management Bureau, Environmental Management
Bureau)

DA : BSWM (Department of Agriculture: Bureau of Soil and Water


Management)

NPC (National Power Corporation)

PNOC (Philippines National Oil Corporation)


NIA ( National Irrigation Administration)

DOE (Department of Energy)

NWRB (National Water Resource Board)


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Institution Governing Water Resource
Management in the Philippines

DOH (Department of Health)

DPWH (Department of Public Works and Highways)

NEDA (National Economic and Development Authority)

NCIP (National Commission on Indigenous People)

Joint Executive and Legislative Water Crisis Commission

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Institution Governing Water Resource
Management in the Philippines

LOCAL LEVEL

LGU (Local Government Units)

LWUA (Local Water Utilities Administration)

Maynilad; MWSS (Manila Waterworks and Sewerage Services)

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THANKS FOR LISTENING!
Any questions?

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