A Seminar on

AUTOMOBILE SAFETY
 INTRODUCTION
Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG
TRANSFORMATION never seen before.

Today CAR’s are not only used for personal

Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED with
Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME
THEATRE
Seating arrangement more comfortable than your
RECLINER
SAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANK
•Globally car companies Spend
nearly $36 billon annually for
influencing new TECHNOLOGIES
into their cars.

•Some of the big advancement in

Automotive Industry in last 10years
have come in a area of SAFETY.
In addition to Telematics based Services like
• Digital Satellite Radio
•In car E-mail

•GPS systems

Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have led to

•Shorter stopping distance
•Increased Control in PANIC situation
•More control on CURVED turns
 Air Bags

•What’s the main function of the System?

•Material of Airbags?
•History
 Actual Working

Airbag Before Collision Airbag After Collision

 Inflation unit

•How does it INFLATES?

 Effectiveness
This system has proven its effectiveness
• In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by nearly
14%
•Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11%
•NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the
combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only seatbelt
i.e60%
Car Model Head Injury Risk
Airbag No Airbag
Holden Commodore 28 48
Toyota Camry 20 44
Mitsubishi Magna 6 27
Ford Falcon 14 N. A.

This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the system
Different types of Airbags

DRIVERS SIDE AIRBAG

PASSENGER AIR BAG

Curtain Airbags
 Anti-lock Braking System

• Introduction?
•Advancement in the system?
•Working?
Advancement in the system?
How Does the system Works?
 Working

Conventional Braking
Whole process is controlled by driver applied break
paddle pressure;
ABS Braking
Electric Sensors monitor the wheel speed
ABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed
Control valve is energized.
Effectiveness

ABS on a test track

Advantages:
Achives the Shortest Stopping distance
Better chance on Steering around obstacle
Reduced risk of skidding

Disadvantages:
Precautions should be taken while
driving
Proved less effective on gravel road or
road compacted by snow
 Traction Control
Next Generation ABS
Uses ABS as a Building block.
Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine
control
Mainly the system has to control some
or all conditions
Retard or Suppress the spark to one or more
cylinders
Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder
Break one or more wheel
Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by
wire throttle
Electronic Stability Control
 Main components of the system

A) active wheel speed sensors;

B) steering angle sensor;
C) Yaw rate sensor
D) attached electronic control unit (ECU)
E) motor;
F) pressure sensor,
G) hydraulic unit.
 Steering Angle Sensor

Understeering (“plowing out”) Oversteering (“spinning out”)

 Some important ECS definitions

• ESC augments vehicle directional stability by

applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually
to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle.

• ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a

close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer
of the vehicle when appropriate
 Case Study

A S-Class Mercedes sedan testing Bosch's ESP system