FABRICATION OF

REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE

-PRESENTED BY,

Amita Panicker
(IV year)
Steps in fabrication of a REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE:

1- Diagnosis
2- Treatment planning
3- Pre-prosthetic procedures
4- Making primary impression and cast
5- Designing the prosthesis
6- Prosthetic mouth preparation
7- Final impression and making of master cast
8- Fabricating a framework
9- Framework Try-in
10- Fabricating the trial prosthesis
11- Try-in of trial denture
12- Processing of trial denture
13- Denture insertion
 FRAMEWORK FABRICATION
The framework is fabricated after recording the final impressions and is essential for other
procedures like preparing occlusal rims, jaw relations, etc.

1) Wax-up
2) Duplication and fabrication of refractory cast
3) Waxing
4) spruing
5) Investing
6) Burn out
7) Casting
8) Finishing and polishing
 1) WAX-UP PROCEDURE
Design Transfer
-Conveying the outline of the proposed prosthesis from the diagnostic cast
to the master cast (done with a surveyor)

Marking the height of the contour

*the tripod marks of the primary cast are transferred to the master cast
*master cast repositioned on the surveyor
*survey lines drawn on the abutment teeth
 Measuring the undercut

Drawing the clasps

*such that the retentive terminal descends into the infrabulge area

Drawing the denture base, rests and connectors

Block out OR Wax out (elimination of undesirable undercuts)
PARALLEL BLOCK OUT ARBITRARY BLOCK OUT SHAPED BLOCK OUT

Wax filled to the undercuts below Wax filled to the soft tissues and Done in the undercut of the
the height of contour other unwanted undercuts in the primary abutment along the
cast lower border of the proposed
retentive arm

Wax is not trimmed rather is filled in

excess – produces a projecting surface
forming ledge in refractory cast – easy
placement of retentive clasp patterns
Relief

- elimination of undesirable pressure from a specific region under denture base

- it involves addition of wax – make framework stand away from master cast

Beading
- scoring a cast with a sharp instrument to provide
seal between finished prosthesis and the soft tissue

- the resultant framework will have elevated borders

 2) DUPLICATION AND FABRICATION OF REFRACTORY CAST
-the procedure of accurately reproducing a cast
-Duplicating material : Agar , alginate , silicones

Duplicators Duplicating flasks

The duplicating flask with the cast is placed below the dispensing nozzle on the horizontal platform
of the duplicator during duplication procedure.
Immerse the cast in slurry water 4 min prior to duplication

agar cut into small pieces

agar heated in the storage bath of duplicator

The nozzle is opened till the agar from the
storage unit fills the entire reservoir ring of
the flask
A jet of cold air can be blown at the junction of the cast for the set
duplicating material to loosen and remove the cast embedded in the
duplicating medium
- investment material used for making
refractory cast depends on the alloy to cast
for fabricating the cast partial denture

- gypsum-bonded investments used for

type IV gold alloys
- phosphate-bonded investments used for
base metal alloys (Co-Cr)
 3) WAXING (fabricating the wax pattern for the framework)

-
 4) SPRUING
Procedure:
cast base is trimmed to 12 mm thickness and a 9 mm hole is drilled through the cast centrally on a line joining the
distal ends of the major connector

a thick roll of baseplate wax is inserted into hole till it extends 10 mm above the tissue surface of the cast

the auxiliary sprues are attached 5 mm below the tip of the main sprue and the sprue joints should be well rounded
 5) INVESTING
Purpose:
1) provides required strength to withstand forces from the entry of molten metal till it solidifies
2) provides an escape route for gases entrapped in mould space by the entering molten metal
3) provides compensation for casting shrinkage of metal

6) BURN OUT
- For low-heat gypsum bonded investments, the mould should be heated slowly to temperature of 1250°F (680°C) over a period of 2 hrs

Purpose:

1) removes moisture from the mould

2) eliminates wax pattern
3) expands the mould to compensate for casting shrinkage of the metal
 7) CASTING
-Induction casting machine is most commonly used for RPD.
(metal is heated electrically instead of using a flame)

a. Casting ring with mould

b. Crucible where metal is heated
c. Weights for counter balance
d. Heating element (copper coil)
 8) FINISHING AND POLISHING

- Framework finishing consists of smoothening the metal with finer abrasive agents to
remove scratches and rough areas to give high lustre.

1) sprues are cut using carborundum discs

2) surface irregularities removed with the help of Tungsten carbide bur
3) coarse to fine stone are used to finish the framework, followed by rubber wheels and points
4) The final polishing is done with polishing compounds recommended for the
particular alloy.
 FRAMEWORK TRY-IN
- The finished framework is sent to the clinician to be tried in the
patient’s mouth.

- On the master cast, the framework is examined for the following:

1) Design
2) Fit
3) Occlusion
4) Finishing and polishing
- Clinical try-in
1) Fitting framework
The fitting surface of the framework is painted with commercially available pressure indicating paste or
disclosing wax and tried-in over the abutments by applying mild pressure along the path of insertion
 areas where the disclosing medium is eliminated indicate interference

the interfering areas are trimmed appropriately

The procedure is repeated till the occlusal rests seat accurately on the rest seats
 2) Correcting occlusion
- the framework is checked for: - centric occlusal interference
- lateral and protrusive interferences

3) Finishing and Polishing

- The corrected parts of the framework should be finished and polished as previously described.

#Reasons of framework fitting cast but not Mouth???

1- Incorrect impression
2- improperly poured cast
3- cast has been abraded during fitting of framework in laboratory
4- Teeth have changed the position after making final impression
(can happen if adequate time has nt been given following extraction)
 FABRICATION OF RECORD BASES AND OCCLUSAL RIMS
Record bases: Occlusal rims:

- fabricated over the saddle area - centred over the crest of the ridge
on the denture base minor connector - Material used: Baseplate wax/modelling wax
- Material used- self cure acrylic resin
 JAW RELATION and articulation
Method 1: Functionally generated path technique
(records all the possible functional movement of the teeth opposing the edentulous span-the
artificial teeth are set accordingly so that they are harmony with their antagonist in all times)

Method 2: Static method (most commonly used)

placement of the occlusal rims in the patient’s mouth

patient instructed to close in maximal intercuspal position

the record is made by injecting a recording material between the

occlusal rim and opposing natural teeth
(Material used: ZOE impression paste/Impression plaster /
modelling plastic)
ARTICULATION of casts
 SELECTION OF TEETH AND DENTURE BASE
- While selecting the replacement teeth, the clinician must carefully consider
the esthetic and functional requirements of the patient, the structural requirements of the RPD and
the materials to be used in prosthesis construction.

ARRANGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH

Anterior teeth arrangement Posterior teeth arrangement
1- positioned as nearly as possible where the original 1- Artificial tooth adjacent to the clasp has to be in harmony
natural tooth was previously located. with the opposing teeth, the residual ridge and the clasp

2- the proximal surface of the artificial tooth may be 2- the occlusal surfaces should have adequate grooves and ridges
to function effectively
recontoured for better and close adaptation with the
natural tooth 3- A space of 2mm is left
between the denture
3- If the missing teeth cross the midline, it is essential tooth & adjacent
that the central incisors be set first to re-establish the abutment tooth.
midline. (the fullness and lip support should be verified)
 TRY-IN
(done to verify jaw relation records)

Anterior (aesthetic) try-in Posterior try-in

WAXING AND PROCESSING THE DENTURE BASE

-specific requirements for a partial denture are mentioned below:

1) When waxing to an external finish line, excess bulk is added so that after processing and finishing it will be at
the level of finish line
2) On minor connectors and approach arm of bar clasp, the metal can be slightly roughened for acrylic
attachment .
 DENTURE INSERTION

1) Inspection of prosthesis

2) Checking fit of denture base

3) Checking extension

4) Occlusal correction

5) Adjusting retentive clasps