DUAL AXIS SOLAR

TRACKING SYSTEM WITH

ARDUINO
 DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM WITH
ARDUINO
Battery Solar Panel

LDR-1 ADC

Motor Driver Motor

LDR-2 ADC

LDR-1 ADC Arduino

LCD
LCD Display
Driver
LDR-1 ADC

Crystal LED
Oscillator Indicators
Components required

 Arduino
 LDRSensors
 LCD Display
 DC Motor
 INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is a very large, inexaustable source of energy.
The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is
approximatel 1.8*1011 MW.
Solar energy could supply all the present and future energyb
needs of the world on a continuing basis. This makes it one
of the most promising of the unconventional energy
sources.
 PROBLEM WITH SOLAR
 Problem associated with the use of solar energy
is that its availability varies widely with time. The
variation in availability occurs daily because of
the day night cycle and also seasonally because
of the earth’s orbit around the sun.
To rectify these above problems the solar panel
should be such that it always receive maximum
intensity of light.
 INTRODUCTION
Solar Tracker: -
 Solar trackers are devices used to orient photovoltaic
panels, reflectors, lenses or other optical devices toward the
sun.
 Since the sun’s position in the sky changes with the seasons
and the time of day, trackers are used to align the collection
system to maximize energy production.
 Dual Axis Tracker:
 Dual axis trackers have two degrees of freedom that act as
axes of rotation. These axes are typically normal to one
another.
 Dual axis trackers allow for optimum solar energy levels
due to their ability to follow the sun vertically and
horizontally.
 Here we have divide sun position into five areas and those
are EAST, WEST, NORTH, SOUTH, CENTER.
Tracking Mechanism:

EAST- West
movement
North – South
movement
Arduino
 What is Arduino?
A programmable micro controller for prototyping electromechanical devices
You can connect Digital and Analog electronic signals:
 Sensors (Gyroscopes, GPS Locators, accelerometers)

 Actuators (LEDS or electrical motors)

 Different types of Arduinos

Boarduino Kit
DIY Arduino

Arduino Uno

Arduino LilyPad
Arduino Mega 2560
Arduino Components
ATmega328 Features

ATmega328 data sheet p. 1

ATmega328 Microcontroller
Pin number
Pin
name

Special
function
What do we need?
1.- Download and install the Arduino Software
 2.- Configure the Arduino software for the
correct chip
(Select the Microcontroller)
3.- Configure the Serial Port
 Input

Program Status
Notificatio Bar
n Area
7.- Upload it

8.- Once it upload, you must see the

following messages in the Status bar and
the Program notification Area
9.- Insert LED

It is blinking!!!
DC Motor
 Microcontroller
o A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with
support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog
timer, serial and analog I/O etc.

o Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high technology,

and aerospace projects.

o Microcontrollers are designed for small or dedicated

applications.
 Some microcontrollers may operate at clock rate frequencies
as low as 4 kHz, as this is adequate for many typical
applications, enabling low power consumption (mill watts or
microwatts)

 Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled

products and devices, such as automobile engine control
systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power
tools, and toys.

 A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system

with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used
with an embedded system.
 Microcontrollers must provide real time response to
events in the embedded system they are controlling.
When certain events occur, an interrupt system can
signal the processor to suspend processing the
current instruction sequence and to begin an interrupt
service routine (ISR, or "interrupt handler").

 Embedded processors are usually used to control

devices, they sometimes need to accept input from
the device they are controlling.
 LCD DISPLAY
 A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic
visual display that uses the light modulating properties
of liquid crystals.

 Liquid crystal display is very important device in

embedded system. It offers high flexibility to user as he
can display the required data on it.

 These are used in a wide range of applications,

including computer monitors, television, instrument
panels, aircraft, cockpit displays, signage, etc
Pin No. PINName
DESCRIPTION
Description
Pin no. 1 VSS Power supply (GND)
Pin no. 2 VCC Power supply (+5V)
Pin no. 3 VEE Contrast adjust
0 = Instruction input
Pin no. 4 RS
1 = Data input
0 = Write to LCD module
Pin no. 5 R/W
1 = Read from LCD module
Pin no. 6 EN Enable signal
Pin no. 7 D0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)
Pin no. 8 D1 Data bus line 1
Pin no. 9 D2 Data bus line 2
Pin no. 10 D3 Data bus line 3
Pin no. 11 D4 Data bus line 4
Pin no. 12 D5 Data bus line 5
Pin no. 13 D6 Data bus line 6
Pin no. 14 D7 Data bus line 7 (MSB)
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
 We are using the LDR to sense the presence of light.
 A photo resistor, light dependent resistor (LDR) or
cadmium sulfide (CdS) cell is a resistor whose
resistance decreases with increasing incident light
intensity. It can also be referred to as a photoconductor.
 A photo resistor is made of a high resistance
semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high
enough frequency, photons absorbed by the
semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to
jump into the conduction band. The resulting free
electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity,
thereby lowering resistance.
 Analog Applications of LDR:
1. Camera Exposure Control
2. Photocopy Machines - density of toner
3. Colorimetric Test Equipment
4. Electronic Scales - dual cell
5. Automatic Gain Control – modulated light source
6. Automated Rear View Mirror

 Digital Applications of LDR:

1. Automatic Headlight Dimmer
2. Night Light Control
3. Oil Burner Flame Out
4. Street Light Control
5. Absence / Presence (beam breaker)
6. Position Sensor
 DC MOTORS

 In any electric motor, operation is based on simple

electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external
magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the
current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external
magnetic field.

 Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature),

stator, commutator, field magnet's, and brushes. In most
common DC motors the external magnetic field is produced by
high-strength permanent magnets.
 ADVANTAGES OF DC MOTOR
 High output power relative to motor size and weight.
 Encoder determines accuracy and resolution.
 High efficiency. It can approach 90% at light loads.
 High torque to inertia ratio. It can rapidly accelerate
loads.
 Has "reserve" power. 2-3 times continuous power for
short periods.
L293D MOTOR DRIVER
IC circuit diagram
diagram
Advantages

 Conservation of Non Renewable energy
sources.
 Maximum output can be obtained.
 Efficient and low cost design.
 Automatic street light control system
based on LDR sensor
Dis Advantages
 Monitoring and Maintenance is required.
 A drastic environmental change cannot
be tolerated by the equipment
Applications
 This energy can be utilized for simple
house hold appliances, street light control
system.
 This energy can be stored and utilized as
back up power supply mainly in industries.
 IMAGINE EXPLORE

DEVELOP

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