INTRODUCTION

 Cognitive radio is a technology of wireless communications in

which a network or a user flexibly changes its transmitting or
receiving parameters to achieve more efficient communication
performance without interfering with licensed or unlicensed
users.

 Spectrum sensing is to obtain awareness about the spectrum

usage and existence of primary users in a geographical area.
 INTRODUCTION :CONT..

In cooperative multi node sensing, multiple CR users are

sensing the presence of signal.

Single node sensing is unreliable and reduces the detection

probability due to fading and hidden terminal (shadowing)
effects in the channel (from Primary User to CR User).

The cooperative spectrum sensing improves the sensing

performance using multiple CR by aggregating their decision
statistics
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Paper Description

Hussain, M et.al A Cluster Based The cluster sensing decision is

(2017). Selective made based on an optimal
Cooperative threshold for selective CSS which
Spectrum Sensing minimizes the probability of
Technique for sensing error. A parallel reporting
Cognitive Radio mechanism based on frequency
Network. Internati division is proposed to
onal Journal of considerably reduce the time for
Engineering and reporting decision to fusion center
Management of clusters. In the fusion center,
Research the optimal Chair-Vashney rule is
(IJEMR), 7(2), 8- utilized to obtain a high sensing
12. performance based on the
available cluster’s information.
 LITERATURE REVIEW :CONT..
Author Paper Description

Zhang, D et.al Energy-harvesting- The proposed solution is achieved

(2017). aided spectrum by two algorithms that operate in
sensing and data tandem: a spectrum sensor
transmission in scheduling (SSS) algorithm and a
heterogeneous data sensor resource allocation
cognitive radio (DSRA) algorithm. Extensive
sensor simulation results demonstrate
network. IEEE that the energy consumption of the
Transactions on data sensors can be significantly
Vehicular reduced, while maintaining the
Technology, 66(1), sustainability of the spectrum
831-843 sensors..
 LITERATURE REVIEW :CONT..
Author Paper Description

Díaz, L. M. G. Modeling From a game theory model, the

et.al (2017). cooperative implementation of a coalitional
communications game is described, where cognitive
using game theory: users pursue individual benefits as
applications for well as benefits for the coalition
cognitive they belong. Simulation results
radios. Revista confirmed the gains achievable by
Científica de means of cooperative
Ingeniería communications, and reveal
Electrónica, weakening performance in
Automática y presence of security threats.
Comunicaciones, 38
(2), 36-48.
 SPECTRUM SENSING IN COGNITIVE RADIO

Transmitter detection
 Energy detection
 False alarm probability and detection probability

( M , T / 2)
Pf  Pr (Y  T | H 0 ) 
( M )
Pd  Pr (Y  T | H1 )  Qm ( 2 , 2T )
is decision threshold
 RESULTS & DISCUSSION

The result shows Estimation of Probability of Missed

Detection for the Probability of false alarm with AND rule under
AWGN for adopted simulation
 RESULTS & DISCUSSION

The result shows Estimation of Probability of Missed

Detection for the Probability of false alarm with AND rule under
AWGN
 CONCLUSION

 We have studied the cooperative spectrum sensing in CR

network for computation of test statistic for energy detection

 Through the proposed optimal scheme, the detection

probability of the spectrum hole is optimized under the
constraint of a required false alarm probability.

 Simulation results show the detection performance

improvement of the proposed optimal Complementary ROC
of Cooperative sensing with AND rule under AWGN
 FUTURE SCOPE
Lateral Application Areas
Cloud Networking Smart Grids
 OPEN ISSUES

Security •Provision of Common

Common Control Channel

Control Channel

Spectrum Allocation •Integration of all the layers

•Security Related Issues

Co-operative Spectrum Sensing •Byzantine attacks
•Primary User
Optimized Link State Routing Emulation
Attacks
•Trustworthiness/
Time synchronization Authentication

Cognitive Radio Ad hoc

Network
 REFERENCES
1. Hussain, M., & Tripathi, P. (2017). A Cluster Based Selective Cooperative
Spectrum Sensing Technique for Cognitive Radio Network. International Journal
of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 7(2), 8-12.

2. Zhang, D., Chen, Z., Ren, J., Zhang, N., Awad, M. K., Zhou, H., & Shen, X. S.
(2017). Energy-harvesting-aided spectrum sensing and data transmission in
heterogeneous cognitive radio sensor network. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, 66(1), 831-843.

3. Díaz, L. M. G., Bouza, M. O., & Gómez, J. T. (2017). Modeling cooperative

communications using game theory: applications for cognitive radios. Revista
Científica de Ingeniería Electrónica, Automática y Comunicaciones, 38(2), 36-48.

4. Patel, A., Ram, H., Jagannatham, A. K., & Varshney, P. K. (2018). Robust
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks Under CSI
Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 66(1), 18-33.
5. Hawa, M., AlAmmouri, A., Alhiary, A., & Alhamad, N. (2017). Distributed
opportunistic spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks. international journal
of communication systems, 30(7).
6. Chiwewe, T. M., & Hancke, G. P. (2017). Fast Convergence Cooperative Dynamic
Spectrum Access for Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Informatics.
THANK YOU