Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Joint Terminology
Tee Butt
Cruciform
Welded Joint Terminology
Angle of
bevel
Root
Radius
Angle of Angle of
bevel bevel
Root
Radius
Single J Single U
Double Sided Joint Preparation
Double sided preparations are normally made on thicker
materials, or when access form both sides is unrestricted
Double J Double U
Weld Zone Terms
Weld zone
Face
A B
Weld
metal Fusion
zone
Heat
Affected
Zone Weld
Junction
C D
Root
A, B, C & D = Weld Toes
Butt Weld Features
Weld cap width
Excess
Cap height
or Weld
Reinforcement
Excess Root
Penetration Root bead width
Toe Blend Angle
6 mm
Most codes quote the weld
80° toes shall blend smoothly
This statement is not
quantitative and therefore open
Poor Weld Toe Blend Angle to individual interpretation
The higher the toe blend angle
3 mm the greater the amount of
stress concentration
20°
The toe blend angle should be
between 20o-30o
Improved Weld Toe Blend
Angle
Butt Weld Exercise
Butt Weld Features
Identify the butt weld features shown
10
7 8
9
2
1
5 3 4
6
Butt Weld Exercise Answers
Butt Weld Features
1.Cap height
2. Weld toes
3. Fusion junction
10
4. HAZ
5. Plate thickness 8
7 9
2
1
5 3 4
6
Butt Weld Exercise Answers
Butt Weld Features
6. Plate width
8. Weld width
9. Cap contour 10
5 3 4
6
Fillet Weld Profiles
A concave profile is
preferred for joints
subjected to fatigue loading
Concave fillet
Fillet Weld Leg Lengths
b
a. = Design Throat Thickness
b. = Actual Throat Thickness
Deep Penetration Fillet Weld Features
a
b
a = Design / Theoretical
throat thickness
s = Effective design throat
10
4
9
7
2 5
3 8
1
6
Fillet Weld Exercise Answers
Fillet Weld Features
1.Horizontal leg length
3. Plate thickness 10
4. Weld width
4
5. Plate/weld length 9
7
2 5
3 8
1
6
Fillet Weld Exercise Answers
Fillet Weld Features
6. Plate width
7. Plate height
8. Root 10
9. HAZ
4
10. Weld toe 9
7
2 5
3 8
1
6
Weld Defects
Fusion Weld Defects
Contour Defects
Surface irregularities
Surface cracks
Miscellaneous
Weld Root Defects
Weld Root Defects
Low Amps/volts
Contamination
Root Concavity
Weld Root Defects
Excessive amps/volts
Excessive root
penetration
Weld Root Defects
Shrinkage groove
Weld Root Defects
High Amps/volts
Burn through
Weld Root Defects
Burn Through
Weld Root Defects
Root Coking/Oxidized Root
Loss or insufficient back
purging gas
Poor stop/starts
Fillet Weld Unequal Leg Lengths
Excessive weaving
Contamination
Toe Overlap
Butt weld
Toe Overlap
Fillet weld
Crater Pipe
Weld crater
Crater pipe
Crater Pipe
Contamination
Crater pipe
Cracks
HAZ
Longitudinal
Centerline
Transverse
Crater
Branched Fusion zone
Arc strike
Miscellaneous Defects
Spatter
Excessive current
Damp electrodes
Contamination
Cavities
Solid inclusions
Set up irregularities
Gas pore
Cluster porosity Loss of gas shield
(Porosity)
Damp electrodes
Contamination
Root piping
Gas Cavities
Porosity
Root piping
Solid Inclusions
Slag inclusions are defined as a non-metallic inclusion
caused by some welding process
Slag originates from welding
flux
MAG and TIG welding process
produce silica inclusions
Slag is caused by inadequate
Slag inclusions Lack of sidewall
fusion with cleaning
associated slag
Other inclusions include
tungsten and copper inclusions
from the TIG and MAG welding
process
Poor fit-up
Angular Misalignment
Linear Misalignment
Linear Misalignment
Mechanical Damage
Chipping Marks
Lamination
Segregation line
Plate Lamination