LOCATION AND

DESIGN OF PORT
MEMBERS :
1. AMIRUL ZAKWAN HARIZ BIN ARMAN (23DLS17F1006)
2. MUHAMAD FADHIL BIN ABD WAHAB (23DLS17F1062)
3. MOHAMAD SIRAJ MUNIR BIN MOHAMAD SAADOM (23DLS17F1009)
4. AMMAR BIN SHAMSHUL ANUAR (23DLS17F1076)
5.  
ANAS BASYIR BIN ZAMZURI (23DLS17F1071)
6. NURUL ANIM NATASHA BINTI A RAHIM (23DLS17F1007)
7. NURUL SHAHIRA BINTI MOHD HASHIM (23DLS17F1012)

DPL 6043 : PORT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

LECTURER : MADAM UMI KALTHUM BINTI ZULKIFLY
 choosing location
4.1.1 Relate four factors
in choosing
c. The need forlocation
customs
Customs clearance work involves preparation 
and submission of documentations required to 
facilitate export or imports into the country, 
representing client during customs 
examination, assessment, payment of duty and 
co taking delivery of cargo from customs after 
clearance along with documents.
Place for customs before
the yard marshalling area
• Loading

Before unloaded onto

vessel
• Unloading
 d. Government policy

In a planned economy like India, plant location 
is encouraged/discouraged at particular places 
due to government policy. For example, 
government offers several incentives for 
location of plants in backward areas. Again, 
government has put restrictions on granting 
licences to certain industries to be set­up in 
metropolitan cities with a certain figure of 
population.
The fundamental objective of government policy on location is
to achieve balanced regional development of the economy
through decentralization of industries, with a view to ensuring
the following benefits:

1. Reduction of inequalities of income and wealth, in various 
regions.

2. Provision of employment opportunities on an equitable basis.

3. Increase in the standard of living in backward areas through 
removal of poverty.

4. Avoid over­concentration of industries in particular regions 
for strategic defence considerations.

5. Controlling social problems like – development of slums, 
over­crowding, pollution, traffic­congestion etc.
 Measures taken by government
towards dispersal of industries are of
two types:

Negative Measures
Positive Measures
- restraining 
- encouraging 
establishment of 
location of 
industrial units in 
industrial units in 
over­concentrated 
backward areas
areas
Following is a brief account of positive and negative measures,
of the government’s policy on industrial location :-

Provision of basic  Provision of social services 
infrastructure and public  like education, health, 
utility services like – water,  entertainment, training etc. 
electricity, gas, transportation  for development of backward 
etc. in backward areas. regions.

Positive
Measures
Granting of direct subsidies (like 
supply of raw­materials and 
machinery at lower prices) and  Granting of income­tax, sales­tax 
indirect subsidies (like reducing the  and excise duty exemptions to the 
cost of certain services to offset the  units set up in backward areas.
influence of unfavorable factors), for 
industrial location in rural areas.
Assistance to the State Governments  Giving assurance by the 
for the development of  government to purchase the 
infrastructural facilities in ‘no­ products of industrial units 
industry districts’ of their respective  established in backward areas.
States.
Public financial institutions to 
provide finance at low rates of 
interest to industrial units to be 
set up in 246 backward districts, 
specified by the government.
Setting up of growth centres 
Development of industrial estates  throughout the country to attract 
in backward areas, to provide  industries to backward areas; each 
benefits of common services like  growth centre to be endowed with 
land, power, water etc. to a large  best possible infrastructural 
number of industrial units located  facilities like water, power, banking, 
in the industrial estate. telecommunications etc.
 Enhanced rates of local 
taxes in urban areas.

Absolute prohibition to set up new 
Negative industries in particular areas. Big 
Measures industrial units shall not be set up 
within certain limits of big cities.

Not to allow establishment of 
chemical and other industries 
involving hazards to human life in 
populated areas; in view of Bhopal 
Gas Tragedy of 1984.