Project:- According to the PMBOK (Project Management Body of

Knowledge) 3rd edition, A project is defined as a “temporary endeavor

with a beginning and an end and it must be used to create a unique product,
service or result”.
Phases of Project:-
 Project Initiation
 Project Planning
 Project Execution /implementation
 Project closure
Project implementation:- Project implementation
is the phase where visions and plans become reality. This is the logical
conclusion, after evaluating, deciding, visioning, planning, applying for
funds and finding the financial resources of a project.

Objectives of Project
Implementation:-
• Putting plans into operation.
• Achieving tangible change and improvements.
• Ensuring transparency with regards to finance.
• Ensuring that unforeseen conflicts that might arise during the stage are re-
solved.
 Top
to
down Botto
appro m Up
ach appro
ach

Collaborative participatory
approach
Top to down approach:- Top-down” means that all the project
objectives, guidelines, information, plans, and fund processes are
established by management, and expectations are communicated down to
each project participant. This approach requires extreme process formality,
as any ambiguity can easily result in misunderstandings and project failure.
Bottom up approach:-The bottom-up style allows managers to
communicate goals and value through milestone planning, and team
members are encouraged to develop personal to-do lists with the steps
necessary to reach the milestones on their own. The team decides which
methods they’ll use to perform their tasks.
Collaborative participatory approach:-Participatory
implementation and management leads to the process of empowerment of
the community, and the overall objective of participatory implementation
and management is then to create an enabling environment for the
introduction of a ‘participatory’ approach where the root and the focus lies
in people development, empowerment and creation of active citizens.
Gantt
PERT
chart

Milestone
CPM chart
etc
Gantt chart:- A Gantt chart is a horizontal
bar chart developed as a production control
tool in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt, an American
engineer and social scientist. Frequently
used in project management, a Gantt chart
provides a graphical illustration of a
schedule that helps to plan, coordinate, and CPM:-CPM is an important tool for project
track specific tasks in a project. management because it identifies critical and
non-critical tasks to prevent conflicts and
bottlenecks. CPM is often applied to the
analysis of a project network logic diagram
to produce maximum practical efficiency.

Milestone charts:- the milestone chart

uses symbols imposed on a calendar to
provide information about planned and
actual completion dates and any revisions to
the milestone schedule.
PERT:-PERT stands for Program Evaluation
Review Technique. PERT charts are tools
used to plan tasks within a project – making
it easier to schedule and coordinate team
members accomplishing the work.
 Behavioural
Technical problems
problems Leadership
Motivation
Defining project activties Team building
Devloping network Conflict management etc
Faulty or incomplete design
Scheduling and updating etc

Environmental
problems
New technology
Natural calamities
Govt regulations etc

Management Financial
problems problems
Accountabiliy lack Improper allocation of funds
Poor scheduling of Lack or delay of counterpart
projectsetc funding
 Multi tasking during- several things at once.
 Lack of proper sponsership
 Poor synchronization
 Lack of detail planning
 Poor communication and coordination
 Poor prioritazation
 Well defined strategic goals
 Strategy creep
 Poor information gathering