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What Laws have we learned were also direct relationships, in which their
graphs were similar to Avogadro’s?
Avogadro’s Law
Avogadro’s Law
• Molar Volume – for a gas is the volume that one mole of that
gas occupies at STP
(STP is standard temperature and pressure which is 0oC and 1 atm)
• What do we know?
V1 = ? L Remember, at STP:
n1 = 0.881 mol O2 22.4 L/mol
V2 = 22.4 L
n2 = 1 mol O2 Second way to solve, using the
First way to solve, using the formula: dimensional analysis:
V1 = 22.4 L ---------
.881 mol O2 | 22.4 L = 19.73 L
.881 mol O2 1 mol O2 | 1 ---------
mol O2
After cross multiplying you end up with
V1(1----------
mol O2) = (22.4 L)(.881 ----------
mol O2)
1-----------
mol O2 1 ----------
mol O2
19.73 L
V1 = ___________
Avogadro’s Law: Example 2
• What do we know?
V1 = 2.0 L
Remember, at STP:
n1 = ? g N 2
22.4 L/mol
V2 = 22.4 L
n2 = 1 mol N2 First , solve for the number of moles of N2:
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties
Ideal Gas Law Example 1
(using moles)
**To know which R value to use, look at what units pressure is in**
Ideal Gas Law Example 1 Ans
(finding moles)
• Formula: PV = nRT
• What do we know?
P = 3.52 atm What R value will we use?
V = .05 L (Hint: Look at the units for pressure)
n = ? moles
R = 0.0821 (L*atm)/(mol*K)
T = 30oC + 273 = 303K
Now lets plug in the information and solve:
P * V = n* R * T
-------- -------
(3.52)(.05) = n(.0821)(303)
-------- -----
(.0821)(303) (.0821)(303)
.0071 mol
n = ______________
Ideal Gas Law Example 2
(finding grams)
Avogadro’s Law allows us to write a gas law that is valid not
only for any P, V, or T but also for any mass of any gas!
Example:
Calculate the grams of N2 gas present in a 0.600 L sample kept
at 1.00 atm and a temperature of 22.0oC.
Ideal Gas Law Example 2 Answer
(using moles)
• Formula: PV = nRT
• What do we know?
P = 1.00 atm What R value will we use?
V = 0.600 L (Hint: Look at the units for pressure)
n = ? g N2 Now lets plug in the information and solve:
R = 0.0821 (L*atm)/(mol*K) P * V = n* R * T
o
T = 22.0 C + 273 = 295 K (1.00)(.600) = n(.0821)(295)
------- -------
(.0821)(295) (.0821)(295)
-------- -----
n = ______________
.025 mol N2
But, they want the answer in grams, so we need to do
dimensional analysis using molar mass:
---------
.025 mol .694 g N2
N2 | 28.014 g N2 = __________
| 1 ----------
mol N2
Ideal vs. Real Gas
Ideal vs. Real Gas
• An ideal gas obeys all the assumptions of the kinetic theory.
(Atoms or molecules are non-interacting particles, etc.)
In other words, Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure would look like this: