KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Kalimati, Kathmandu

Project on

Seismic Analysis and Structural Design of

Multi-storied RCC Framed Commercial Building

Supervisor:.

Er. Pujan Raj Regmi

Prepared by:
Shrestha (KAT071BCE090)

Rupa Prajapati (KAT071BCE091)

Singh (KAT071BCE095)

Man Shrestha (KAT071BCE096)

Man Pradhan (KAT071BCE115)

Maharjan (KAT071BCE121)
OBJECTIVES

• Seismic analysis and structural design of

Multi-storied RCC Framed Building

The aim of reinforced concrete design is the achievement of an acceptable probability

that structure being designed will perform satisfactorily during the intended life.
CODES OF PRACTICES
 CODES REFERED

IS 456: 2000 Code of Practice-Plain and Reinforced Concrete

 IS 1893(Part 1):2002 (Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures)

 IS 13920:1993 Ductile Detailing of reinforced concrete Structures

Subjected to Seismic Forces

 IS 875 Code of Practice- Design Loads (Other than earthquake) for buildings and structures (Second Revision)

( Part I and II)

 SP 16:1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete

 SP 14 Hand book
STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF

THE BUILDING
1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

Project name “Seismic Analysis and Structural Design of Multi-

storied RCC Framed Commercial Building”

Location: Kathmandu.
Total number storey: 10
Total height: 31.65 m (1246 in)
Floor to floor height: 3.277 m (except basement floor and top(8th
storey))

Overall length : 24.257 m (79’-7”)

Overall breadth: 23.038 m (75’-7”)
Plinth area: 411.93 m2 (4577sq. ft)
2. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES:

 Total number of Column: 34(4 circular and rest

rectangular column)

 Section of Square Column: 500 mm X 500 mm

 Section of Circular Column: 650mm∅

 Section of Primary Beam: 500 mm X 400 mm

 Section of Secondary Beam: 400 mm X 300 mm

 Overall Depth of Slab: 150 mm

 Overall Foundation Depth: 800 mm

 Overall Depth of Staircase Waist Slab: 170 mm

 Overall Thickness of Lift wall: 300 mm

3. Some Values Adopted
Bearing capacity of soil : 150 kN/m2

Unit weight of concrete: 25 kN/m3

Unit weight of masonry: 20 kN/m3

Live load on staircase: 4 kN/m2

Live load on roof: 1.5kN/m2

Unit Weight of floor finish: 0.611kN/m2

Seismic zone factor, Z 0.36

Response reduction factor (SMRF) R: 5

1.0
Importance factor, I:  

19 kN/m2
 
Surchage load  
4. OTHER FEATURES

 Specific weight of soil: 17KN/m3

 Soil Type: Medium Soil

 Purpose of Basement Floor: Additional Storage

 Purpose of Ground Floor to Fifth Floor: Office

 Purpose of Sixth Floor : Residence

 Purpose of Seventh Floor: Storage

 Fire escape has not been considered in structural

PRELIMINARY DESIGN
SLAB
Deflection criteria
Span/depth= 32 (For Two Way Slab)

Assume;
fy =500MPa

For critical slab we take, 5.8 × 4.0 m

Short span=4m
Now, Effective Depth=4000/ 32 =125mm
Adopt, Overall Depth (D) =150mm with 15 mm clear cover & adopting diameter
of bar of 10 mm.
BEAM
Depth is kept equal to L/10 to L/15 for preliminary computations.

So, L/d= 14

where, Length of beam = 5.8m

Transverse & Longitudinal beam:

depth= L/12=5.8/12= 414.29mm

D=500mm

D/B = 1.5
i.e B = 400mm

Similarly, Secondary Beam Size = 400mm * 300mm

COLUMN
1. Self-weight of Primary Beam

=γc × B × D × (a + b + c + d) =25×0.4×0.5×(3.15+2.25+2.85+2.25)

=52.5kN

where, a, b, c, d are half of beam span

adjoining the column

2. Self-weight of slab

= γc × D × (a + c) × (b + d)

=25 × 0.15 × (3.15 + 2.85)

× (2.25 + 2.25)

=101.25kN

3. Self-weight of masonry

=γm × (a + b + c +d) × width of wall × clear floor height

=20 × (3.15 + 2.25 + 2.85 + 2.25) × 0.23 × (3.225 - 0.15)

=148.52kN

4. Assuming Self weight of column= 30 kN

Dead Load (DL)= (Beam weight + slab weight + masonry weight + column weight) × number of floors

or , DL=(52.5+101.25+148.52+30)×9

or, DL=2990.43 kN

Intensity for general storage area = 4kN/m2 for 1 floor

Intensity for office rooms= 2.5kN/m2 for 6 floor

Intensity for residential room= 3kN/m2 for 1 floor

Intensity for accessible terrace = 1.5kN/m2

Total live load(LL)

= (4+1.5+3+6×2.5)×(a+c)×(b+d)

=(4+1.5+3+6×2.5)×(3.15+2.85)×(2.25+2.25)

=634.5 kN

Factored load on column=1.5×(DL+LL)

=1.5×(2990.43+634.5)

=5437.395 kN

Assume % of steel for reinforcement = 4%

Grade of concrete = M25

Grade of steel= Fe500

Axially loaded member in compression is designed as,

Pu= 0.4fckAc+0.67fyAsc

or , 5437.395×103= 0.4×25×0.96×Ag + 0.67×500×0.04×Ag

or, Ag=236408.48 mm2

Considering square column ,

l2= 236408.48

or, l= 486.21 mm

Adopt 500 mm column.

Considering circular column ,

Pu,circular = 5437.3951.05

= 5178.47 kN
5. Assume % of steel for reinforcement = 4%

Grade of concrete = M25

Grade of steel= Fe500

Axially loaded member in compression is designed as,

Pu= 0.4fckAc+0.67fyAsc

or , 5437.395×103= 0.4×25×0.96×Ag + 0.67×500×0.04×Ag

or, Ag=236408.48 mm2

Considering square column ,

l2= 236408.48

or, l= 486.21 mm

Adopt 500 mm column.

Considering circular column ,

Pu,circular = 5437.3951.05

= 5178.47 kN

Now,

Pu=0.4fckAc+0.67fyAsc

or,.47×103=0.4×25×0.96×Ag+ 0.67×500×0.04×Ag

or, Ag=225150.87 mm2

or, Ø24 = 225150.87

or, Ø= 535.42 mm

Adopt Ø=650 mm
Seismic Weight of Building
1. Zero level weight (Basement and Ground floor)

a) Slab weight = 932.71 kN

b) Weight of beam = 596 kN

c) Total column weight =712.909 kN

d) Masonry wall weight = 958.9 kN

e) Shear wall weight = 213.18kN

f) Staircase= 84.36kN

g) Weight of floor finish = 615.554 kN

Total Dead Load (DL)=4113.613 kN

Total live load (LL) = = 723.275 kN

Zero level seismic weight= Dead Load (DL) + 0.5 × Live Load (LL)s

= 4475.25 kN
Seismic Level Weight at Seismic Level Wi (kN)

1st 4454.396

2nd 5065.41

3rd 5143.82

4th 5132.146

5th 5013.094

6th 4994.3

7th 5007.113

8th (Top) 3748.981

9th (Top Cover) 431.13

Sum 38990.39

Table: Seismic Weight at each floor level

  

DESIGN BASE

SHEAR
V = A .W
b h
Where, A =Design horizontal acceleration spectrum
h
W=Seismic weight as per Clause7.4.2

W= sum of seismic weights of all the floors (7.4.2)

=38990.39 kN

A =ZISa/ (2Rg)
h
Where, Z= zone factor=0.36 (Seismic zone V, Seismic Intensity Very Severe)

I=Importance Factor, 1

R=Response Reduction Factor for special RC moment resisting frame= 5

H= Height of Building from Ground Level

= 28.3 m

So, Ta= 0.075× 8.4^(0.75)

= 0.92 seconds

Sa/g=Average acceleration coefficient = 1.478

So , Ah = 0.0532

Base Shear , Vb = 2074.289 kN

COLUMN
 Check for Slenderness Ratio
 The minm dimension of member shall not be less
than 200 mm
 The ratio of shortest column dimension to the
perpendicular dimension should not be less than
0.4
 The cross-sectional area of longitudinal
reinforcement shall not be less than 0.8 % nor
more than 6 % of the gross cross sectional area
of the column
 The longitudinal bar shall not be less than 12
mm in dia.
Design Steps
  
 Size of column is taken from preliminary design.
 If slenderness ratio = < 12
 Case: Short column

 Check for eccentricity

 emin = where, emin is checked whether it is less than 20mm.

 If emin < 20mm, we take emin= 20mm.

 Therefore, Moment due to eccentricity (M e)= Pu x emin

 Reinforcement is equally distributed on four sides

 Axial force (Pu), moments (Mux & Muy) are taken from ETABS analysis.

 Assume percentage of reinforcement, p, and carried out trial for this

percentage.
 Find , and for charts in SP16.
 Find . Referring to chart as per the value obtain from step 6 from SP-16.

 Calculation of Puz using

 Puz = 0.45×fck×Ac+0.75×fy×Asc
 Find () , and αn as per Clause 39.6, IS 456:2000.

 Find as per Clause 39.6, IS 456:2000.

 If < 1.0, Then the design is okay. If not, goes for next trial increasing p%.
Design of diameter and pitch of lateral ties:

From IS 456:2000 Clause 26.5.3.2 c2, diameter of lateral ties should not be less than one forth diameter of

largest longitudinal bar and shall not be less than 6mm.

i.e. Ø

≥ 6mm

From Clause 26.5.3.2, IS 456:2000, pitch of ties:

Pitch of ties ≤ least lateral dimension

≤ 16 L

≤ 300mm

Check for ductility criteria

From Clause 7.4.1, IS 13920:1993, special confining reinforcement has to be provided over a length lo

from each joint face towards mid span, and on either side of any section, where flexural yielding may occur

under the effect of earthquake.

Special confining reinforcement length:

Lap splices shall be provided only in the central half of the member.

Hoops shall be provided over the entire splices spacing of which should be less than 150mm c/c at

splices.
INTERACTION DIAGRAM
Ductile Detailing of Column
 RCC BEAM
LIMIT STATE METHOD
*SINGLY REINFORCEMENT BEAM
*DOUBLY REINFORCEMENT BEAM

Esu = 0.87 (fy/ Es )+0.002

The beam was designed with moment value obtained from moment envelop. Beam was designed for
 
moment values for two extreme ends and one near central portion. Torsion moment for the beam was
also added to obtain the equivalent bending moment.

Design Steps
 Size of the beam from preliminary design.
 Factored bending moment (Mu) and factored shear force (Vu) from ETABS analysis
 Assuming diameter of reinforcement bars, with 40 mm clear cover, effective depth is calculated
as

 Determination of limiting bending moment is calculated using following formula:

 Mlim= 0.36 × fck × b × Xu × ( d -0.416 Xm )
 If Mu>Mlim, Doubly reinforced section is designed.
 If Mu<Mlim , Singly reinforced section is designed.
 Area of tension steel required for Mlim is calculated as:
 Mlim = 0.87 × fy × Ast1 × (d - 0.42xm)
 Area of tension steel required for additional bending moment (Mu - Mlim) is calculated as
Mu-Mu lim= fst Ast2*(d-c2) , find Ast2
∴ Ast req= Ast lim+ Ast2
 For Asc:

We find, fsc= lesser of( εcmax*Es*[1-] , )

  
 fsc Asc = *Ast2 and find Asc.
Check for minimum area of tension steel from Clause 26.5.1.1, IS 456:2000.
 =
 Check for maximum area of tension steel from Clause 26.5.1.1 (a), IS
456:2000
 Ao= 0.04 bD

Check for shear

To calculate shear, we calculate shear due to plastic hinge as well.
It is about the plastic stage of deformation. At that moment, the shear due to
MOR exist which in turn cause sudden failure if this is not considered during
design phase.
• Vu= Max. of (Vp, Vu+Vg) where Vg= Shear due gravity load
• Find Tu
• Find equivalent shear Ve= Vu + 1.6 × ��/�
• Permissible shear stress Ʈc is taken from Table 19, IS 456:2000 for designed
p% steel.
• Nominal Shear stress ( 
• Ʈc,max is taken from Table 20, IS 456:2000 for designed grade of concrete. If

• Ʈc ≤ Ʈv ≤ Ʈc, so we should design for shear reinforcement.

 ������ = ���1�1/ (0.87��) + �2/2.5�1 (0.87��) ,
 


(Ʈ�� −Ʈ�)b/(0.87��) whichever is greater
Thus , Find spacing.

Check for ductility

 Percentage of minimum and maximum area of tension reinforcements according to
IS 13920:1993:
 The tensile steel ratio on any face at any section shall not be less than ;

 Tensile steel ratio ≥ 0.24

 The maximum steel ratio on the face at any section shall not exceed

 Maximum steel ratio ≤ 0.025

Or, ≤ 0.025
Ductility check for shear
• The spacing of hoops over a length of 2d at either end of a beam shall not exceed
• times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar.
However, it need not be less than 100 mm.
 Formore than 3 Storey, Fck shouldn’t be less than
M20
 B/D>0.3
 Width shouldn’t less 200mm
 Depth shouldn’t be more than span/4
 Longitudinal Bar
 At least 2 bars in top & bottom
 Pmin =0.24*(fck)0.5/fy
 Pmax = .025
 Positive steel should be at least ½ of negative steel
 Top and bottom steel should be at least ¼ of maximum
tensile steel
 Lapping distance shouldn’t be less than Ld+10 dia. of bar.
 In lap stirups Spacing shouldn’t less than 150 mm
CURTAILMENT OF BAR
 Bending moment along a beam member is different
for different section.
 Amount of longitudinal reinforcement increases
with increasing BM.
 Curtailment is done for economical design.
 Curtailment is done after development length from
theoretical cut of point.
Ductile Detailing of Beam
SLAB DESIGN
DESIGN STEPS
 All slabs are two way slab (Ly/Lx)<2
 Individual design under various support condition
 Like slabs are grouped under same category
 Self weight, finishing, plaster, partition, live
load
 150% of their sum gives total factored load

Live load is 8kN/m2
 Knowing alpha (+ and -) we find moment on both
direction of both types (hugging and sagging)
 Mx=αx*W*Lx^2
 My= αy*W*Lx^2
 Slabs are divided into mid strip{75%} and edge strips{12.5%}
each
 Those max. moments are applied to mid strip and no
redistribution is made
Depth is checked for D>D (bal) ;
 D (bal)=(Mmax/Qb)^0.5;
 Qb =0.36 fck xul/d(1-0.416*xul/d)
 Deflection control criteria for serviceability requirement is
checked
 If maximum shear force is kept below nominal shear stress no
shear reinforcement is required
 Tv=Vu/bd
Tc=Fn(Pt, conc.grade) fromIS:456-2000
 Area of steel (Ast) is obtained as
 Muy(-)={0.87fy Ast (d-fy Ast/fck*b)
 Proper spacing is provided for standard size of rebars but
exceeding minimum reinforcement 0.12%.
• Identification of location of requirement of torsional reinforcement
• Any corner with both edges simply supported requires torsional reinforcement

Square mesh of length 1/5th of short span

• At top and bottom face of slab

Ast =3/4 of reinforcement required for maximum sagging BM for all edge

simply supported

Ast = ½ area reinforcement required for maximum sagging BM for slab continous

in one direction

• Any reinforcement available in edge strip and extending upto slab corner may be considered as part of torsional

steel

• If only one edge is simply supported ½ of the requirement is provided in the corner with that edge
 Openings

 For small openings for utilities (like water

supply, electricity etc.) openings can be
provided irrespective of SF and BM
 For moderate openings, location is chosen
for small Shear stress and BM not maximum –
thickening of slab around the edges is
preferred
 For very large openings for staircase, lift
etc, special beams are required that are to
be effectively framed into columns
STAIRCASE
 Staircase arrangement
 Number of tread = 6
 Number of Rise = 7
 Floor height = 3.3m
 Height of each riser = 150mm
 Tread = 300mm
 Width of landing = 1.8m

 Load calculation
 Slab
 Brickwork
 Marble
 Factored load = 150% of their sum
 Load different for both going
 Depth determined from deflection control
criteria of serviceability requirement
 BM max ≤ Mul
 Similar in case of steel requirement
 Ast=0.87fyAst[d- Ast fy /(fck b)]
 Check for shear
 Check for development length
Staircase Diagram
Ductile Detailing of Staircase
FOUNDATION
 Transfers load from the building to the earth
 Mat footing is provided as the soil has low
bearing pressure capacity
 Footing is 1000 mm extended beyond the
column face
 The depth is fixed for satisfying the shear
requirement
 Overall depth of Mat footing = 900 mm
 Area of steel required = 1650 mm2 /m
STEPS

Center of stiffness
Center of gravity
Eccentricity= |CS –CG|
Compute moment: Pex, Pey
3
Moment of inertia=bd /12
Soil pressure, σ=P/A ±My/Iy*x±Mx/Ix*y
 Moment=W*L2/10
 Depth based on shear
 Shear stress of concrete=0.25(Fck)^0.5
 Nominal shear stress = Vu/(bod)
 Governing depth from shear

Reinforcement in long direction

BM=0.87fyAtd(1-fyAt/ fckbd)
Minimum reinforcement=0.12% of unit area
Proper arrangement of Spacing
Fig:- Detailing of footing
CONCLUSION
 Analysis and design of seismic resistant
multi-storied building by application of
Structural Analysis Programme (SAP) is done.
Thank You !