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MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV-AIDS
Dr.Priyanko Chakraborty
JR2, M.S.(ENT)
IMS-BHU
INTRODUCTION
HIV is classified as retrovirus
Histoplasmosis, extrapulmonary
Coccidioidomycosis, extrapulmonary
Oral cavity
Neck
AFFECTING MULTIPLE HEAD AND
NECK ANATOMIC SITES
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
Most common malignancy
Idiopathic multiple sarcoma of the skin
Opportunistic neoplasm
Lesion:
• pink or purple
• non tender
• macular or slightly raised or nodular
• both cutaneous and mucosal surfaces.
Biopsy is confirmatory.
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
Diagnosis: FNAC
TREATMENT
Carbon dioxide laser can excise canalicular KS.
Seborrheic dermatitis.
Cellulitis
HIV-ASSOCIATED NASALAND
PARANASAL SINUS PROBLEMS
NASAL OBSTRUCTION
A common symptom during HIV infection
Wide-ranging differential diagnosis
• Adenoidal hypertrophy,
• Allergic rhinitis,
• Chronic sinusitis,
• Neoplasms of the nose, paranasal sinuses, or nasopharynx.
RECURRENT/ PERSISTENT
VESTIBULITIS
Inflammation of nasal vestibule
Immunosuppression
FUNGAL:
Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus, Pseudallescheria
boydii, Cryptococcus,Candida albicans
Increasing invasive Aspergillus sinusitis.
Incidence of rhinocerebral Mucormycosis not increased
CT SCAN- PNS
SINUSITIS
Signs and symptoms: fever, headache and chronic,
thick mucopurulent nasal discharge,etc.
Diagnosis: Plain sinus radiographs, CT scanning,
Nasal endoscopic examination
Antral lavage and endoscope-guided culture-if
symptoms persist following medical therapy.
CD4 <50 cells/mm with persistent sinus symptoms
invasive fungal infection
Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) if medical therapy
fails.
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA:
• Nasal obstruction
• Intermittent epistaxis
• Rhinorrhea
No prognostic significance
Mycobacterial Infections
Extrapulmonary disease- Common
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is
the most common mycobacterial infection
2nd line drugs used.
Pneumocystis carinii- Extrapulmonary
Toxoplasmosis