Spray Cone angle models

and spray penetration

models
Objectives

 To study the effect of different gas

density values on spray angle for various
models.
 To study the effect of characteristics of
nozzle on spray cone angle.
 To study the spray penetration behaviour
with time for various models.
Characteristic parameters of spray

 Breakup Length
 Spray angle
 SMD
 Spray Penetration
Reitz and Bracco model(1979)
………..function of physical
properties of liquid and injection
velocity.
I0=Length of the nozzle
d0=Nozzle diameter
Reitz and bracco proposed a
model for spray angle by
employing aerodynamic
breakup model of Ranz(1958),
which includes the ratio of
Reynolds number and weber
number
Simplified Reitz and Bracco
model(Heywood in 1988)
As gamma is function of Reynolds
number and weber number, as
temp is increased due to high
pressure sprays, it warms and
viscosity of liquid decreases, it
leads the value of f(gamma)
asymptotically equal to sqrt(3)/6.
‘Arai model(1984)’ and ‘Hiroyasu and
Arai Model(1990)’

Rhog=Gas density
dsac=Diameter of the
delP=Difference between
chamber just before
fuel injector pressure and
nozzle hole.
gas pressure.
This proposed model
d0=Nozzle diameter
which includes the
mug-=gas dynamic
characteristic of nozzle.
viscosity
Arregle Model

Arregle in 1999 proposed a simple equation, the

terms in the equation are nozzle diameter,
injection pressure and gas density which have
been fitted with experimental results on a diesel
spray.
Effect of nozzle geometry on spray
angle
1. Rietz and Bracco model

Where A=3.0+0.28(l0/d0)
l0= length of nozzle
d0= diameter of nozzle
Ɵ = spray cone angle
ρg= density of gas
Variation of spray angle with nozzle
diameter

Pinj=Injection Pressure
D0=Diameter of nozzle
Rhog=density of gas
Spray Penetration Models
 Ca=Coefficient of contraction
 Cv=Velocity Coefficient
 Tg=Ambient temperature
 Theta=Spray angle
Spray penetration vs Time
Conclusion
 There is rise of spray angle when ambient gas density increases.
 As l0/d0 ratio increases, spray cone angle decreases so narrower the spray
becomes.(Reitz and Bracco model)
 As nozzle diameter increases, spray angle increases, wider the spray becomes
and better distribution.
 In case of spray angle models, Hiroyasu and Arai model is found to give lesser
mean absolute percentage error.
 It is observed that in case of spray penetration, Wakuri model predicts near to
experimental value.
References

 F.Dos Santos,L.Le Moyne,’Spray atomization

Models in engine applications, from corrections to
direct numerical simulations’,Oil and Gas
technology 2011
 Masataka Arai,’Physics behind diesel
sprays’,Gunma university ICLASS 2012
THANK YOU