DENTURE BASE RESINS - PART 1

WOOD 700 BC IVORY 700 BC

PORCELAIN1800 AD

PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE RESIN

(1909)

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE(PVC)
1930

VULCANIZED RUBBER 1840 CELLULOID 1868

 H CH3 H CH3 H CH3 H CH3
C C C C C C C C
H C O H C O H C O H C O
O O O O
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

MONOMER
Polymer:
Monomer: AA chemicalcompound
chemical compoundthat
consisting of large
can undergo molecules built
polymerization; anyby repetition
molecule ofcan
that smaller
be
monomeric
bound units.eg
to a similar Polymethylmethacrylate
molecule in Methyl
to form a polymer. eg. polymermethacrylate monomer.
 HOMOPOLYMER

Classification based on
nature of monomer
Copolymer (random)

Copolymer (block)
 Linear Classification based on
structure of polymer
Branched

Cross linked
Cross linking agent
 Condensation
Polymerization Addition Polymerization

• Accompanied by repeated • The monomers are activated one

elimination of by products – water, at a time and add together in
halogen, ammonia, acids,etc. sequence to form a growing
• Not widely applied in dentistry. chain.
• Commonly applied in dentistry
Stages in polymerization

PHYSICAL STAGES
 SANDY STAGE
 STRINGY STAGE
 DOUGHLIKE STAGE
 RUBBERY OR ELASTIC STAGE
 STIFF STAGE
laboratory steps
Laboratory steps
 Biological • Tasteless,odorless,nontoxic,nonirritating to oral
tissues.
compatibilit • Insoluble and impermeable in saliva or other oral
y fluids

• Adequate strength,resistance to biting or chewing

Physical forces
properties • Dimensionally stable
• Low specific gravity

Manipulati • Do Not produce toxic fumes or dust during handling

and manipulation.
on • Easy to mix,insert,shape, cure and must have short
setting time.
properties • The final product easy to polish and repair.
Aesthetic • Exhibits sufficient translucency and transparency
to simulate the oral tissues.

Properties • does not change its color subsequent to its

fabrication.

Economic
Considerati • The cost of resin and its processing is low and
processing do not require expensive equipments.

ons
• Only most chemically stable and inert material can
Chemical withstand oral conditions.
• Although methacrylate polymers fulfil the above
Stability requirements no resin yet has met all these ideal
criteria
 Metallic

Permanent

Non metallic
Denture base

Shellac
Cold cure acrylic
Temporary
resin
Base plate wax
Based on mode of activation of polymerization
POWDER/POLYMER COMPONENT LIQUID/MONOMER

Polymethylmethacrylate Major component Methylmethacrylate

(PMMA)

Benzoyl Peroxide Initiator -

Mercuric Color pigments -
sulphide,cadmium
HEAT ACTIVATED ACRYLIC RESINS
sulfide
Dibutyl phthalate Plasticizer Dibutyl Phthalate
Zinc oxide,titanium Opacifiers -
oxide
Inhibitor Hydroquinone(0.006%)
Cross linking agent Glycol dimethacrylate
(1- 2%)
POWDER/POLYME COMPONENT LIQUID/MONOMER
R
Polymethylmethacrylat Major component Methylmethacrylate
e
(PMMA)
Benzoyl Peroxide Initiator -
(5% w/w)
Sulphides,organic Color pigments -
fillers
Activator Dimethyl-p-toluidine
(tertiary amine)
Inhibitor Hydroquinone(0.006%)
COMPONENTS ROLE OF COMPONENTS
Polyether urethane Majar constituent
dimethacrylate
Camphoroquinone(5%) Photoinitiator
Amine Photoactivator
Inorganic silicone dioxide Fillers
(microfine)
Organic: Acrylic resin beads Fillers
High molecular weight acrylic Monomer
resin
 Properties Value
Melting point -48°C
Boiling point 100°C
Density 0.945 g/ml at 20°C
Heat of 12.9 kcal/mol
polymerization
Properties
Properties Values
Values
Tensile strength 48-62MPa
Tissue compatibility Good
Compressive strength 75MPa
Shelf life Good (P/L system)
Proportional limit 26MPa
Fair to poor (gel system)
Hardness 18 KHN (heat cured)
16 KHN(chemically activated)
Color stability Good
Residual
Elastic monomer
modulus 1-4% (chemically activated)
3800MPa
Impact strength Before curing 26.2%
13J/m(chemically cured) 15J/m(heat
After
cured)curing 0.29%(heat cured)
Thermal conductivity
Water sorption 5.7x10-4 cal/sec/cm2
0.7mg/cm²
Polymerization shrinkage 0.53%(heat)
Water solubility 0.02mg/cm²
0.26%(chemically)
 HEAT CURED ACRYLIC RESIN
• Activator :Heat
• Initiator : Benzoyl peroxide
• More polymerization
shrinkage
• Less residual monomer
content
• Good color stability
• Good strength
• Lesser porosities
• Shows less distortion
• Less creep
SELF CURED ACRYLIC RESIN
• Activator :chemical (dimethyl-
p-toluidine)
• Initiator :benzoyl peroxide
• Less polymerization shrinkage
• High residual monomer
content
• Poor color stability
• Decreased strength
• Increased porosities
• Greater distortion
• Increased creep