LIQUID DESICCANT

AIR COOLING (LDAC)

MADE BY:

SHWETA MODI 11
KASHYAP PARSANA 16
JAY VADODARIA 26
AIR COOLING SYSTEMS

AIR COOLING
SYSTEMS

CONVENTIONAL SOLID DESICCANT LIQUID DESICCANT

COOLING SYSTEM WHEEL SYSTEM COOLING SYSTEM
CONVENTIONAL AC SYSTEM
EFFICIENCY:
FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM WITH TRADITIONAL AIR LATENT SENSIBLE
COOLING COOLING
CONDITIONING SYSTEMS IS THAT THEY DO A GREAT JOB AT
(HUMIDITY (TEMP
SENSIBLE COOLING, BUT PROVIDE A VERY INEFFICIENT REDUCTTION)
REDUCTION)
SYSTEM FOR REMOVING HUMIDITY FROM AIR.
20%

REACHING A TYPICAL TARGET OF 22◦ C AND 50% RH MAY 80%

REQUIRE BRINGING THE PROCESSED AIR TO 11◦ C OR LOWER.

HEALTH CONSIDERATION:
ANOTHER CONCERN WITH CURRENT HVAC TECHNOLOGY IS TOTAL COOLING OF A CONVENTIONAL AIR-CONDITIONER
THE NEGATIVE HEALTH IMPACTS OF AIRBORNE MOLD AND
BACTERIA GROWTH ON HVAC INTERIOR SURFACES. WATER 22◦ C
11◦ C 50% RH
THAT HAS CONDENSED ON COILS SERVES AS AN IDEAL
INCUBATING GROUND FOR MOLD AND BACTERIA.

PROCESSED ACCEPTABLE
AIR HUMIDITY
LEVEL
SOLID DESICCANT WHEEL
SYSTEM
INCLUDE 3 COMPONENTS:
1. A DESICCANT WHEEL/ DE-HUMIDIFIER
2. EVAPORATIVE COOLER
3. AIR-AIR / AIR-WATER HEAT EXCHANGER

DESICCANT WHEEL IS PARTIONED IN 2 SECTIONS

PROCESS AIR PASSES THROUGH 1 SECTION
AND RELEASES MOISTURE
HOT AIR IS PASSED THROUGH OTHER
SECTION WHERE MOISTURE IS PICKED BY IT.

THE CHALLENGE WITH SOLID DESICCANT WHEELS

IS THAT THEY NEED TO BE BOMBARDED BY +93°C
HEAT IN ORDER TO DRY OFF THE DESICCANT’S
RECENTLY CAPTURED HUMIDITY.
LIQUID DESICCANT AC SYSTEM
LIQUID DESICCANT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS DEHUMIDIFY
AND COOLS THE AIR.

LATENT SENSIBLE
COOLING
A KEY ADVANTAGE OF LIQUID DESICCANT SYSTEMS IS THAT THEY COOLING
(HUMIDITY (TEMP
PROVIDE INDEPENDENT CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE AND REDUCTTION)
REDUCTION)
HUMIDITY, ENABLING SENSIBLE COOLING (TEMPERATURE 20%
REDUCTION) AND LATENT COOLING (HUMIDITY REDUCTION). TO
MATCH THE NEEDS OF THE APPLICATION AND AVOID THE ENERGY
WASTED IN OVERCOOLING.
80%

DESICCANT SYSTEMS CAN ALSO BE POWERED BY RENEWABLE

ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS SOLAR THERMAL AND WASTE HEAT
TOTAL COOLING OF A LIQUID DESICCANT AIR-CONDITIONER
FROM CO-GENERATION SYSTEMS, PROVIDING ENERGY SAVINGS
OF 30% - 80%.
COMPARISION BETWEEN
DIFFERENT AC SYSTEM
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS PERFORM TWO CRITICAL FUNCTIONS:

COOL AND DEHUMIDIFY AIR

COOLING THE AIR IS RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD, REMOVING HUMIDITY TENDS TO BE COSTLY IN TERMS OF ENERGY
CONSUMPTION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS.

CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM:
CONVENTIONAL A/C SYSTEMS OVERCOOL THE AIR TO DEW POINT TO CONDENSE MOISTURE FROM THE AIR, AND THEN
REHEAT TO A COMFORTABLE TEMPERATURE.

SOLID DESICCANT WHEEL SYSTEM:

SOLID DESICCANT WHEELS REQUIRE A CONSTANT CYCLE OF EXCESSIVE HEAT AND RECOOLING IN THEIR
DEHUMIDIFICATION PROCESS.

BOTH OF THESE PROCESSES WASTE AN EXORBITANT AMOUNT OF ENERGY.

COMPARISION BETWEEN
DIFFERENT AC SYSTEM
LIQUID DESICCANT SYSTEM:
LIQUID DESICCANT TECHNOLOGY USES, A NON-TOXIC BRINE SOLUTION WITH A HIGH AFFINITY FOR WATER, TO NATURALLY
REMOVE HUMIDITY AND COOL THE AIR IN ONE PASS.
THIS THERMODYNAMIC SHORT-CUT TAKES YOU DIRECTLY TO THE COMFORT ZONE, CUTTING YOUR AIR CONDITIONING
WORKLOAD BY HALF .
WHAT IS DESICCANT ?
A DESICCANT IS A HYGROSCOPIC SUBSTANCE USED AS A DRYING
AGENT.

DESICCANTS ARE AVAILABLE IN SOLID AND LIQUID STATE.

EFFICIENCY MEASURE:

1. ONE MEASURE OF DESICCANT EFFICIENCY IS THE RATIO

(OR PERCENTAGE) OF WATER STORABLE IN THE
DESICCANT RELATIVE TO THE MASS OF DESICCANT.

2. ANOTHER MEASURE IS THE RESIDUAL RELATIVE HUMIDITY

OF THE AIR OR OTHER FLUID BEING DRIED.

THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY DESICCANT VARIES WITH

TEMPERATURE AND BOTH RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND ABSOLUTE
SILICA GEL MAY BE DOPED WITH A MOISTURE INDICATOR THAT GRADUALLY
HUMIDITY
CHANGES ITS COLOR WHEN IT TRANSITIONS FROM THE ANHYDROUS (DRY)
STATE, TO THE HYDRATED (WET) STATE. COMMON INDICATORS ARE COBALT(II)
CHLORIDE AND METHYL VIOLET.

*HYGROSCOPIC- COBALT (II) CHLORIDE IS DEEP BLUE WHEN DRY AND PINK WHEN WET.
METHYL VIOLET CHANGE FROM ORANGE TO GREEN
TENDING TO ABSORB MOISTURE FROM THE AIR.
TYPES OF DESICCANT

SOLID
EG:- SILICA GEL, ACTIVATED
CHARCOAL, MOLECULAR SIEVES HYGROSCOPIC SALTS
(TYPICALLY, ZEOLITES).
EG:- CALCIUM CHLORIDE, LITHIUM
DESICCANT CHLORIDE, SODIUM CHLORIDE,
SODIUM SULPHATE, POTASSUIM
FORMATE

LIQUID

GLYCOLS
EG:- TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL,
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
TYPES OF LIQUID DESICCANT
 HYGROSCOPIC SALTS:

THESE ARE DESICCANTS THAT HAVE SALTS ADDED TO A WATER SOLUTION. LITHIUM CHLORIDE IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMONLY
USED HYGROSCOPIC SALTS BECAUSE IT IS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AND HAS RELATIVELY FEW CORROSIVE PROPERTIES. THE
CONCENTRATION OF SALT GENERALLY DETERMINES THE QUALITY OF THE SOLUTION.

EG:- CALCIUM CHLORIDE, LITHIUM CHLORIDE, MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE, SODIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM SULPHATE,
POTASSUIM FORMATE

GLYCOLS

GLYCOLS FUNCTION MUCH LIKE HYGROSCOPIC SALTS, BUT REQUIRE HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS TO ACHIEVE EQUILIBRIUM, MAY
ALSO EVAPORATE AND REQUIRE A SIGNIFICANTLY LARGER AMOUNT OF SOLUTION TO WORK AS A DESICCANT.

DUE TO EVAPORATION, THE SOLUTION MAY NEED TO BE PERIODICALLY REPLACED AND IS TYPICALLY USED IN LOWER
TEMPERATURE OPERATIONS.

PROPYLENE GLYCOL HAS RELATIVELY LOW TOXICITY, MAKING IT SUITABLE FOR FOOD-RELATED APPLICATIONS, WHILE
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL PROVIDES REDUCED EVAPORATION POTENTIAL.
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY IN
LDAC
A LDAC SYSTEM WORKS ON TWO BASIC PHENOMENON

ABSORPTION AND DIFFUSION

 ABSORPTION : A PROCESS IN WHICH ONE SUBSTANCE PERMEATES ANOTHER; A FLUID PERMEATES OR IS DISSOLVED BY A
LIQUID OR SOLID.

 DIFFUSION : THE PROCESS IN WHICH THERE IS MOVEMENT OF A SUBSTANCE FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION OF
THAT SUBSTANCE TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION.
 HOW LDAC FUNCTIONS

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A LDAC

 HOW LDAC FUNCTIONS
1
7 7
1

4
2
4
2

3 3
5
5
6
8 6
8

REGENERATOR CONDITIONER / DE-HUMIDIFIER

ACTUAL DIAGRAM OF A LDAC

HOW LDAC FUNCTIONS
TYPICAL LIQUID DESICCANT SYSTEMS HAVE TWO PRIMARY
COMPONENTS:
1.ABSORBER 2. REGENERATOR.

STAGE: 1
DE-HUMIDIFYING / ABSORPTION TOWER

IN THE BASIC CONFIGURATION, CONCENTRATED AND

COOLED LIQUID DESICCANT FLOWS INTO THE
ABSORBER AND DOWN THROUGH A PACKED BED OF
GRANULAR PARTICLES (OR OTHER ENHANCED MASS
TRANSFER SURFACE OR PACKING).

RETURN AIR PASSES UP THROUGH THE BED,

TRANSFERRING BOTH MOISTURE AND HEAT TO THE
COUNTERFLOWING LIQUID DESICCANT.

THE LIQUID DESICCANT LEAVES THE BOTTOM OF THE

PACKED BED DILUTED BY THE WATER ABSORBED
FROM THE AIR, AND FLOWS INTO THE REGENERATOR.
HOW LDAC FUNCTIONS
STAGE:2
REGENERATION TOWER

A HEAT SOURCE (GAS- OR OIL-FIRED, WASTE HEAT, SOLAR,

ETC.) IN THE REGENERATOR HEATS THE WEAK LIQUID
DESICCANT SOLUTION, WHICH IS THEN SPRAYED ON ANOTHER
PACKED BED.

THE HEATED SOLUTION TRANSFERS THE ABSORBED

MOISTURE TO A COUNTER-FLOWING SCAVENGER AIRSTREAM
TO REGENERATE A CONCENTRATED LIQUID DESICCANT
SOLUTION.

AFTER THE RETURN FEED FROM THE REGENERATOR PASSES

THROUGH A COOLING TOWER OR CHILLER, THE COOLED
LIQUID DESICCANT SOLUTION RETURNS TO THE ABSORBER TO
COMPLETE THE CYCLE.

DESIGNS OFTEN INCLUDE A COUNTERFLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

BETWEEN THE ABSORBER AND THE REGENERATOR TO REDUCE
THE AMOUNT OF EXTERNAL HEATING AND COOLING
REQUIRED.
REGENETRATION AND COOLING
OF LIQUID DESICCANT

SOLAR ENERGY
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
GEO- THERMAL
REGENERATION
ENERGY
AND COOLING
OF DESICCANT
NON- REUSING HEAT
RENEWABLE OF
ENERGY COMPRESSOR
REGENETRATION AND COOLING
OF LIQUID DESICCANT
BY SOLAR ENERGY
REGENETRATION OF LIQUID
DESICCANT
BY GEO-THERMAL ENERGY
DEHUMIDIFICATION & HUMIDITY
CONTROL OF LDAC
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES WITH A HIGH OCCUPANCY LEVEL SUCH AS
SCHOOLS AND FITNESS CENTERS OFTEN STRUGGLE WITH HUMIDITY FROM
BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SOURCES.

PEOPLE GENERATE A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF MOISTURE BY SIMPLY

BREATHING AND HIGH LEVELS OF FRESH AIR INTAKE IN A HUMID CLIMATE
CAN FURTHER PUSH HUMIDITY BEYOND A COMFORTABLE AND HEALTHY
RANGE.
LIQUID DESICCANT TECHNOLOGY USES, A SALTY, BRINE SOLUTION WITH A
HIGH AFFINITY FOR WATER, TO NATURALLY AND POWERFULLY REMOVE
HUMIDITY FROM THE AIR.

LDAC UNIT REMOVES UP TO 90 GALLONS OF MOISTURE PER DAY;

COMPARED TO JUST 38 GALLONS REMOVED BY A CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM.


COST OF LDAC
LIQUID DESICCANT TECHNOLOGY CONDITIONS THE AIR DIRECTLY, ELIMINATING THE “REWORK” REQUIRED OF
CONVENTIONAL AND SOLID DESICCANT SYSTEMS.

WITHOUT THIS REWORK, THE COST SAVINGS ARE SUBSTANTIAL COMPARE TO ALTERNATIVE EQUIPMENT:
20 - 40% LOWER OPERATING COSTS THAN OUTSIDE AIR / HIGH LATENT MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
30 - 60% LOWER OPERATING COSTS THAN SOLID DESICCANT WHEEL SYSTEMS
COMPARABLE (OR LOWER) UPFRONT COSTS TO ALTERNATIVE EQUIPMENT

EXAMPLE FOR 3000 CFM OF OUTDOOR AIR:

ENERGY
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT MEETS LOADS CONSUMPTION ENERGY COST
(MBH)
STANDARD DX UNIT 20+ TONS CONVENTIONAL NO 250 - 300 $$

18 TONS COOLING +
VAPOR COMPRESSION
MODULATING HOT GAS YES 200 - 300 $$
DOAS REHEAT

7 “TONS”
GAS CHARGED
DEHUMIDIFICATION + 16 YES 250 - 450 $$$
DESICCANT WHEEL TONS COOLING
LDAC SYSTEMS 12 “TONS” LDAC YES 100 - 150 $
INDOOR AIR QUALITY OF LDAC
LIQUID DESICCANT SOLUTION IS TOXIC TO MICROORGANISMS
AND BACTERIA. PARTICULATES LARGER THAN 5 MICRONS ARE
REMOVED, ELIMINATING DANGEROUS FUMES AND UNPLEASANT
ODORS.

POWERFUL HUMIDITY CONTROL AND NO CONDENSATION

POINTS ANYWHERE IN THE SYSTEM PREVENT S THE GROWTH OF
MOLD AND MILDEW ON COILS, DUCTWORK, AND BUILDING
SURFACES FOR A SAFER, HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT.

FIELD DATA SHOWS THAT

1. DESICCANT SOLUTION KILLS 99% OF MICRO-ORGANISMS IT

CONTACTS
2. 89-98% REDUCTION IN AIRBORNE M ICRO-ORGANISMS AFTER
INTALL
3. ALLERGENS, PARTICULATES, AND ODOUR CAUSING
MOLECULES ALSO CAPTURED BY THE PROCESS
INSTALLATION OF LDAC
LIQUID DESICCANT UNITS ARE AS EASY TO
INSTALL AS CONVENTIONAL EQUIPMENT.

UNITS CAN BE INSTALLED ON A ROOFTOP, IN A

MECHANICAL ROOM, INSIDE THE FACILITY, OR
SKID-MOUNTED NEXT TO AN EXTERIOR WALL.

THE KEY REQUIREMENT IS BEING ABLE TO

LDAC UNIT ON TERRACE LDAC UNIT ON MOUNTED TO WALL
EXHAUST THE HOT AND HUMID AIR TO THE
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.

UNLIKE CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS, THERE IS NO

CONDENSATE REMOVAL SYSTEM, NO PLUMBING,
WATER OR GAS HOOKUPS, NO DRIP PANS, NO WET
COILS OR UV LIGHTS AND NO DISPOSABLE
FILTERS. LDAC UNIT IN A ROOM
MAINTAINENCE OF LDAC
MAINTAINENCE OF DESICCANT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF CHANGING AIR FILTERS TO PROTECT THE DESICCANT MEDIA.

PERIODIC LUBRICATION OF SHAFT BEARINGS FOR HEAT EXCHANGER WHEEL

NO REGULAR MAINTAINENCE IS NEEDED FOR DESICCANT MATERIAL WHICH CAN LAST UPTO 100,000 HOURS IF PROTECTED
BY WELL MAINTAINED FILTERS.
ADVANTAGES OF LDAC
1. DEHUMIDIFICATION & HUMIDITY CONTROL 5. INDOOR AIR QUALITY
HIGHLY-EFFECTIVE METHOD OF NATURAL DISINFECTANT OF AIRBORNE
DEHUMIDIFICATION PARTICULATES & MICROORGANISMS

2. ENERGY 6. INSTALLATION
SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN SIMPLE PACKAGED-UNIT
ENERGY CONSUMPTION INSTALLATION

3. PERFORMANCE 7. COMPACT & LIGHTWEIGHT

NO PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION AND SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED
NO REPLACEMENT OF DESICCANT FOOTPRINT AND WEIGHT

4. COST 8. MAINTENANCE
MORE EFFICIENT HENCE REDUCES MINIMAL MAINTENANCE AND
COST OF OPERATION INFREQUENT REPLACEMENT OF PARTS
DISADVANTAGES OF LDAC SYSYTEM
HIGH INITIAL COST.

MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT.

AS DESICCANT IS A BRINE SOLUTION IT CORRODES THE EQUIPMENT.

COST OF ENERGY (USUALLY NATURAL GAS) TO REGENERATE THE DESICCANT

A SEPARATE HEAT EXCHANGER IS REQUIRED TO COOL THE DESICCANT BEFORE IT IS DELIVERED FOR ABSORPTION AGAIN
APPLICATION OF LDAC SYSTEM

APPLICATIONS THAT MAY BENEFIT FROM LIQUID DESICCANTS, SORTED BY RELEVANT DESIGN DEMAND.
CONCLUSION
UNLIKE CONVENTIONAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS, LIQUID DESICCANT SYSTEMS DIRECTLY ABSORB HUMIDITY FROM
THE AIR WHILE COOLING. THIS APPROACH SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCES ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ELIMINATING THE NEED
FOR OVER-COOLING AND REHEATING THE AIR.

LIQUID DESICCANT SYSTEMS ALSO OFFER THE ABILITY TO INDEPENDENTLY CONTROL TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
WHICH USUALLY MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE A MORE COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT WHILE GENERATING
ADDITIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS.

LIQUID DESICCANT SYSTEMS CAN BE POWERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS SOLAR PANELS AND
GEOTHERMAL WATER OR BY WASTE HEAT FROM CO-GENERATION SYSTEMS.
TYPES OF LDAC UNITS IN
MARKET
THERE ARE FOUR SYSTEM SERIES: FV; FH; FP AND SP.

FV “VERTICAL DISCHARGE” CONDITIONER

THE CONDITIONER CAN BE DESIGNED WITH PROCESS FANS AVAILABLE IN “UPBLAST”, “FRONT” OR “REAR” AIR
DISCHARGE ARRANGEMENTS.
VERTICAL UNIT APPLIES TO BREWERIES AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS WHICH OFTEN HAVE LIMITED FLOOR SPACE
AND HIGH CEILINGS.
THEY ALSO HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY TO INCORPORATE MULTIPLE CONDITIONERS AND A SINGLE REGENERATOR.

FH “HORIZONTAL DISCHARGE” CONDITIONER

THE FH DESIGN IS BEST SUITED FOR APPLICATIONS WHERE SPACE HEIGHT LIMITATIONS PROHIBIT THE USE OF THE
“FV” SERIES.
FH CONDITIONERS ARE COMMONLY APPLIED TO COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS OR PENTHOUSES WHICH DO NOT HAVE
THE HEAD ROOM REQUIRED BY THE FV CONDITIONERS.
 APPLICATIONS SUCH AS HOSPITALS AND LABS OFTEN REQUIRE THE FH APPROACH.
TYPES OF LDAC UNITS IN
MARKET
FP “FIBERGLASS PACKED” REGENERATOR
THE PACKED TOWER REGENERATORS ARE USED WITH ALL FV AND FH CONDITIONERS.
FP REGENERATOR APPLIES FOR MOST APPLICATIONS THAT HAVE A LARGER MOISTURE LOAD OR SEVERAL
CONDITIONERS SUCH AS BREWERIES, FOOD AND CANDY MANUFACTURING.
THEY COME IN A LARGE RANGE OF SIZES AND CAN BE REMOTELY LOCATED FROM THE CONDITIONER OR
CONDITIONERS.

SP “SMALL PACKAGED” CONDITIONER/REGENERATOR

THESE FACTORY PACKAGED SYSTEMS ARE A PLUG & PLAY DESIGNED SYSTEM, REQUIRING ONLY PLANT UTILITIES
AND POWER TO A SINGLE POINT.
SP UNITS ARE IDEAL FOR SMALLER APPLICATIONS SUCH AS WATER WORKS, CASTING APPLICATIONS,
PHARMACEUTICAL DRYING ROOMS AND FILLING AREAS.
THEY ARE COMPACT, READY TO GO SKID MOUNTED AND PACKAGED UNITS.
FV “VERTICAL DISCHARGE”
CONDITIONER

COMPONENTS
A—FRP BODY/HOUSING
B—FRP PUMP TANK
C—DESICCANT SPRAY PUMP
D—HEAT EXCHANGER
E—SPRAY PRESSURE VALVE
F—FAN ADAPTER PLENUM
G—PROCESS AIR FAN
H—BYPASS FILTER
CARTRIDGE
I—DESICCANT PIPING

UNIT NORMAL OPERATING

AIRFLOW(MIN) AIRFLOW(MAX) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS
SIZE WEIGHT

INCHES m
CFM m3/hr CFM m3/hr lbs kg
L W H L W H
240FV 1,500 2,550 3,000 5,100 62 50 77 1.57 1.27 1.96 1,950 885
7000FV 42,000 71,360 84,000 1,42,720 377 105 120 9.58 2.67 3.05 24,000 10,886
FH “HORIZONTAL DISCHARGE”
CONDITIONER

COMPONENTS
A—FRP BODY/HOUSING
B—FRP PUMP TANK
C—DESICCANT SPRAY PUMP
D—HEAT EXCHANGER
E—SPRAY PRESSURE VALVE
F—BYPASS FILTER
CARTRIDGE
G—DESICCANT PIPING

UNIT NORMAL OPERATING

AIRFLOW(MIN) AIRFLOW(MAX) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS
SIZE WEIGHT

INCHES m
CFM m3/hr CFM m3/hr lbs kg
L W H L W H
800FH 5,000 8,500 10,000 16,990 96 78 93 2.44 1.98 2.36 4,400 1,996
7000FH 42000 71360 84000 142720 387 96 117 9.83 2.44 2.97 27,300 12,383
FP “FIBERGLASS PACKED”
REGENERATOR

COMPONENTS
A—FRP BODY/HOUSING
B—FRP PUMP TANK
C—DESICCANTS SPRAY PUMP
D—HEAT EXCHANGER
E—SPRAY PRESSURE VALVE
F—EXHAUST PLENUM
G—DESICCANT PIPING
H—REGENERATOR FAN

UNIT SIZE INLET AIRFLOW APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS NORMAL OPERATING WEIGHT

INCHES m
CFM m3/hr lbs kg
L W H L W H
1.5 FP 475 810 42 40 99 1.07 1.02 2.51 3,300 1,497
40 FP 12,600 21,410 167 75 127 4.24 1.91 3.23 4,400 1,996
SP “SMALL PACKAGED”
CONDITIONER / REGENERATOR COMPONENTS
A—FRP BODY/HOUSING
B—DESICCANT SPRAY PUMP(S)
C—HEAT EXCHANGER
D—PROCESS AIR FAN
E—BYPASS FILTER CARTRIDGE
F—DESICCANT PIPING
G—REGENERATOR FAN
H—PLC CONTROL PANEL

UNIT NORMAL OPERATING

AIRFLOW(MIN) AIRFLOW(MAX) APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS
SIZE WEIGHT

INCHES m
CFM m3/hr CFM m3/hr lbs kg
L W H L W H
240 SP 1,500 2,550 3,000 5,100 111 59 123 2.82 1.50 3.12 3,300 1,497
400 SP 2,500 4,250 5,000 8,500 128 66 125 3.25 1.68 3.18 4,400 1,996
600 SP 3,750 6,370 7,500 12,740 177 66 132 4.50 1.68 3.35 5,800 2,631
OTHER USES OF LD SYSTEM

LIQUID DESICCANT DRYING SYSTEM

LIQUID DESICCANT AND
ARCHITECTURE
PROJECT NAME: LEAF HOUSE
LOCATION: MARYLAND, U.S.A
FEATURE: LIQUID DESICCANT WATERFALL
LIQUID DESICCANT AND
ARCHITECTURE
LIQUID DESICCANT WATERFALL

REQUIREMENT:
AS PART OF THE DESIGN’S ENERGY EFFICIENCY, THE TEAM
NEEDED A LOW-ENERGY SYSTEM TO COOL THE HOT-HUMID
SUMMER AIR IN MARYLAND.

DESIGN:
THE INGENUITY CAME WHEN THEY DECIDED TO RE-DESIGN
AND ADAPT A TECHNOLOGY USED IN LARGE-SCALE
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS TO FIT IN THEIR SMALL
FOOTPRINT.

INSTEAD OF HIDING THE SYSTEM, THEY FOUND A WAY TO

MAKE IT AN ARCHITECTURAL FEATURE.

MATERIAL:
THE "LIQUID DESICCANT WATERFALL" USES LITHIUM
CHLORIDE/ CALCIUM CHLORIDE TO DEHUMIDIFY
LIQUID DESICCANT AND
ARCHITECTURE
LIQUID DESICCANT WATERFALL

APPROACH:

USE A DESICCANT TO ABSORB WATER FROM THE AIR AND,

WHEN IT IS SATURATED, HEAT THE WATER (WITH SOLAR
TUBES) OUTSIDE THE BUILDING TO EVAPORATE OUT LIQUID TO
CONCENTRATE THE DESICCANT AGAIN.

INSIDE THE HOUSE, THIS LOOKS LIKE A WATERFALL IN

PLEXIGLASS. THUS, NOT ONLY WOULD IT SAVE ON ENERGY USE,
IT ALSO WOULD CALM RESIDENTS.

ALSO IN WINTER, THE PROCESS COULD BE REVERSED TO HUMIFY

THE AIR. AND, IN SUMMER, THE LIQUID DESICCANT WATERFALL
COULD CONTRIBUTE TO COOLING.
THANK YOU