TOPIC :

PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:
MUSHTAQUE AHMED TUNIO...57
INAYAT GAJJO...........................
GHUFRAN AHMED UJJAN........25

BATCH:2K16/MPA...(FINAL)
 OUTLINE
PROCESS
 Define process .
 process selection and system
design.
 Component of Process.
 Use of Process in the Industries.
 Three phases of process.
 Integrative Process System.
 COUPLING Process.
 Integrative system process.
 coupling process.
 Communication process.
 DEFINING PROCESS

• Process is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and

systems to define, visualize, measure, control, report and improve
processes with the goal to meet customer requirements profitably.
• It can be differentiated from program management in that program
management is concerned with managing a group of inter-dependent
projects. From another viewpoint, process management includes
program management.
• In project management, process management is the use of a repeatable
process to improve the outcome of the project
 Process Selection and System Design

Facilities and
Forecasting Capacity Equipment
Planning

Product and Layout

Service Design

Process
Selection Work
Technological
Change Design
 INFORMATION PROCESS
It is process where information delivers in different ways.
• Hardware(Mouse,CPU, RAM,etc.)

• Software:( C++,MS OFFICE, JAVA etc.)

• Sales:(ONLINE SHOPPING)
• Warehouse

• Example:

• Receive a customers order over a internet.

• Acknowledge the customers order by sending emails

(Message to Customer)
(Online Reservation seats)
It is man made system which • Examples:
can be used to . • Report to the I-S that online
• People. reservation of seats has been
done.
• Equipment
• Organisation
• Acknownledge to customers
• Policies (sanam) that online
• Procedures reservation hasbeen
Whose object is to accomplish processed successfuly.
the goal of an organisation or
bussiness.
 MANAGEMENT PROCESS
• Examples:
• It is man made system which can
used same as operation process. • Management of design and
But difference of three prominent. procedure use to warehouse
inventory and then delivers to
• Planning customers.
• Controling • Design the process to faclitate the
customers.
• Decission making.
• Decission making to operate an
organisation in an effective and
efficient manner.
• Planning and Controling a desire
goal of an organistaion.
 USE OF PROCESS IN THE INDUSTRY
Processes go through different phases as
products do.
Interdependency between Product and Process Life
Cycles:
Process Life Cycle: Affects manufacturing costs,
quality and production volumes, which affects sales
volumes.

Product Life Cycle: Influences the type of

manufacturing process that can be
economically and financially justified.
THREE PHASES OF PROCESS
PRODUCTION ORIENTED PROCESS-TECHNIQUE
MCQ
COUPLING PROCESS
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
 DEFINING TECHNOLOGY

Technology is a body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing

actions and extracting of materials. The term ‘Technology” is wide and
everyone has their own way of understanding the meaning of technology. We
use technology to accomplish various tasks in our daily lives, in brief; we can
describe technology as products, processes or organizations. We use
technology to extend our abilities, and that makes people as the most important
part of any technological system.
 USE OF TECHNOLOGY

We apply technology in almost everything we do in our lives, we use

technology at work, we use it to , extract materials , we use technology for
communication, transportation, learning, manufacturing, creating artifacts,
securing data, scaling businesses. Technology is human knowledge which
involves tools, materials and systems. The application of technology
results in artifacts or products. If technology is well applied, it can benefit
humans, but if it is wrongly applied, it can cause harm to human beings.
 TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY
Technology has to be connected with the firm’s business
strategy by considering
importance and relation of technologies to the company’s
generic competitive
strategy. Also, technology must be connected to the firm’s
strategy on products,
services and processes throughout its value chain activities.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY THAT
PEOPLE USE TO COMMUNICATE
• These types are being used to
communicate between two or more
persons
• E-mails:message sent from one
person to an other.
• Mobile Phone:provide a quick way
to write and send the
message,mms,and make a phone
call.
• Chat:communication between two
or more persons with each other on
the comuterised devices.
• Social Networking: A website that
can have profiles,blogs,chat and
messages of people.
 DEVELOPING MODEL OF TECHNOLOGY
Developing model of technology is the method of achieving to
apply general problems-solving techniques by posing a series of
questions.
 Where are we i.e (What are our boundariesof universe.)
 Where is every one else going (where we do want to go)
 Which path is best one to take.
 How do we get on to this path.
 How we move on this path most effectively and efficiently.
Concept of Information System (IS,
system)
Information Technology (IT)
(Computers, Other) Information
• Data (organized,
System (IS)
Use
meaningful) Procedures
• Representations of Supports
Knowledge

Use
Information,
Users Knowledge
(Organizational members: -----------------
Managers, Professionals, Clerks) Task, Business
Perform on Process

• In plain English, we often do not differentiate between data, information

and knowledge, simply calling it all “information”.
• We often use term “technology” to refer to either IT or IS.
 WOODWARD: TECHNOLOGICAL INFLUENCE ON
ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN
1. The more complex the technology – going from a Unit
to a more Process system – the greater are the number of managerial
personnel and the levels of authority

2. The more complex the technology, the larger is the

number of clerical and administrative personnel

3. The span of control of first-line managers increases

from Unit production systems to Mass production systems and then
decreases from Mass production systems to Process production systems
 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
Typically the results of three sub-components:

1. Computer-assisted design (CAD). Computers

are used to assist in drafting, design and engineering
of new parts. Allows significant variation in
specifications with minimum of redesign cost.

2. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Computer-

controlled machines are used in materials-handling,
fabrication, production, and assembly. Allows fast
switching between product runs and variations.
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, cont’d
3. Integrated Information Networks (ERP): A
computerized system links all aspects of the
firm – accounting, marketing, purchasing,
inventory control, etc. The most common
are called Enterprise Resource Planning
programs. Most known are by SAP, People-
Soft and Oracle. Use a common database, and
allow managers to integrate their decision
making more effectively.
 Intensive Technology
Intensive technology coordination requires high levels of
horizontal communication and adjustment. Managers
from multiple departments are often involved in face-to-
face communication.

Intensive technologies secure coordination through mutual

adjustment. They generally increase their tolerance for
uncertainty by ensuring the availability of a variety of
specialized services and skills in order to be prepared for
any contingency. Intensive technologies are typically the
most expensive to coordinate.