SOLAR WATER PURIFICATION BY

THERMAL METHOD
 SYNOPSIS
• There are four primary sources of energy viz.
petroleum, natural gas and natural liquids, coal
and wood. Excepting wood, all the common
sources have finite supplies. Therefore, as these
non-renewable sources are consumed, the
mankind must turn its attention to longer-term,
permanent type for energy sources. The two
most significant such sources are nuclear and
solar energy.
• Solar energy, on the other hand, shows promise of
becoming a dependable energy sources without
new requirements of a highly technical and
specialized nature for its wide spread utilization. In
addition, there appear to be no significant polluting
effects from its use. But solar energy is very large
life in exhaustible source of energy. The power
from the sun intercepted by the earth is
approximately 1.8 x 10¹¹ MW, which is many
thousands of items larger than the percent
consumption rate on the earth of all commercial
energy sources.
 INTRODUCTION
• A solar water disalation can be also sized to fit
the demand more accurately. Solar water
disalation can be relatively cheaper and simpler
than solar building water filter. A problem
common to all types of solar heating is the
variable nature of sunshine. Solar water
disalation however often have an additional
advantage over solar space heating systems
because the requirements for hot water are less
rigid than those for space heating.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

DIAGRAM OF SOLAR WATER PURIFICATION BY USING THERMAL

METHOD
• Solar energy Collector is a heat exchanger capable of
using solar radiation to increase the internal energy and
temperature of a working fluid. In its simplest form it
consists of a tube exposed to solar radiation. The Solar
isolation is partly absorbed by the tube, the temperature
of the tube wall increases until the heat loss from the
tube to the surroundings is equal to the solar energy
absorbed.
• To improve the thermal performance of this simple
system fins can be attached to the tube to increase the
are exposed to solar insulation and the heat losses can
be reduced by placing one or two layers of glass between
the incoming solar energy and the surface absorbing it.
• If a fluid such as water passes through the tube,
the useful energy delivered to the working fluid,
qu, is
• Qu = m cp (T f, out – T f,in)
• Where
• M = mass flow rate through collector,
• Cp = Specific heat at constant pressure of
working fluid.
• T f,out – T f,in = Temperature rise of working
fluid passing through collector.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF SOLAR WATER
HEATER
• i. Flat plate collector
• ii. Storage tank.
• iii. Circulation system
 FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR
• The plate collector consists
• 1. Aluminium body
• 2. Glass wool insulation
• 3. Aluminium foil
• 4. Copper fins
• 5. Block chroms sheet and
• 6. Tuffen glass
• The aluminium body over the insulation and collective
unit the glass wool insulation is placed on the bottom of
aluminium body. The aluminium foil is placed on the
insulation to reflect the solar radiation. The copper fins
are used to circulate the water.
• They are welded with upper and lower header tubes. The
block chrome sheets cover the copper fins. They are
used to absorb the solar radiation. The copper fins with
block chrome sheet is called collective unit. The tuffen
glass is used to transfer the solar energy to collective
unit. Hence it is called as transparent cover. It covers the
aluminium body.
 STORAGE TANK
• It consists of
• 1. Inner copper tank
• 2. Insulation
• 3. Outer M S tank
• The inner copper tank is used to store the hot
water. The storage capacity of the tank is 60
lit. The insulation is made of glass wool. It is
used to control the heat conduction. The
outer tank is made of aluminium. It is used to
cover the storage tank.
 CIRCULATION SYSTEM
• It consists of
• 1. Cold water inlet
• 2. Cold water outlet
• 3. Hot water inlet
• 4. Hot water outlet
• 5. Header tubes
• CIRCULATION SYSTEM CONSISTS OF 2 TYPES

•
• 1.DIRECT METHOD
• 2.INDIRECT METHOD
 DIRECT METHOD
• The system is essentially a closed loop that
water flows through. From a tank, the water
flows up through solar collectors and back
down to that tank once again—and this is the
water that you’ll use for bathing or for heating
your home. Direct systems work well in
locations where water isn’t going to freeze,
because plain water is pumped outside and
back in again during the process.
 PROS & CONS
• Simple and Efficient
• More Affordable
• More Difficult for Multiple Heating Needs
• In very cold climates you simply can’t make
use of a direct circulation system
• The plain water would freeze up and pipes
would likely burst outside when temperatures
drop far enough.
DIRECT METHOD
 INDIRECT METHOD
• There is a closed loop between your solar
collector array and the water storage tank
• In that tank is a liquid—usually water mixed
with another material, which drops the freezing
point
• The liquid is moved through the solar collector
array and back to the water tank, where the
temperature slowly increases to a very high
level.
 INDIRECT METHOD
• Connected to that water tank is a heat
exchanger that transfers heat from the non-
freezing liquid over to usable water that’s
pumped through it and back to a clean water
tank
• So the sun heats up the non-freezing liquid in
that loop that runs outside, and the heat from
the liquid is transferred over to the actual
water that you intend to use
 PROS & CONS OF INDIRECT METHOD
• Great in Cold Climates
• Work Well for Multiple Heating Uses
• They’re a bit less efficient
• They’re more expensiv solar systems as well
INDIRECT METHOD