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Competitiveness, Strategy,
and Productivity
Location
Quality
Quick response
Businesses Compete Using
Operations
Flexibility
Inventory management
Supply chain management
Service
Why Some Organizations Fail
Goals
Organizational Strategies
Functional Goals
Low cost
Scale-based strategies
Specialization
Flexible operations
High quality
Service
Strategy and Tactics
Distinctive Competencies
Price
Quality
Time
Flexibility
Service
Location
Examples of Distinctive
Competencies
Price Low Cost U.S. first-class postage
Motel-6, Red Roof Inns
Economic conditions
Political conditions
Legal environment
Technology
Competition
Markets
Key Internal Factors
Human Resources
Facilities and equipment
Financial resources
Customers
Products and services
Technology
Suppliers
Quality and Time Strategies
Quality-based strategies
Focuses on maintaining or
improving the quality of an
organization’s products or
services
Quality at the source
Time-based strategies
Focuses on reduction of time
needed to accomplish tasks
Time-based Strategies
Planning
Designing
Processing
Changeover On time!
Delivery
Productivity
Productivity
A measure of the effective use of resources,
usually expressed as the ratio of output to
input
Productivity ratios are used for
Planning workforce requirements
Scheduling equipment
Financial analysis
Productivity
Partial measures
output/(single input)
Multi-factor measures
output/(multiple inputs)
Total measure
output/(total inputs)
Outputs
Productivity =
Inputs
Productivity Growth
Productivity Growth =
Current Period Productivity – Previous Period Productivity
Previous Period Productivity
Measures of Productivity
MFP = Output
Labor + Materials + Overhead
MFP = 2.20
Factors Affecting Productivity
Capital Quality
Technology Management
Other Factors Affecting
Productivity
Standardization
Quality
Use of Internet
Computer viruses
Searching for lost or misplaced items
Scrap rates
New workers
Other Factors Affecting
Productivity
Safety
Shortage of IT workers
Layoffs
Labor turnover
Design of the workspace
Incentive plans that reward productivity
Bottleneck Operation
10/hr
Machine #1
10/hr
Machine #2
Bottleneck 30/hr
Operation
Machine #3
10/hr
Machine #4 10/hr
Improving Productivity