University of Turkish Aeronautical Association Faculty of Engineering EEE Department

University of Turkish Aeronautical Association
Faculty of engineering EEE department
Supervision Presented by Presented by

Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Othman Al Darraji Omar Saadi Alshear
Mahariq Department of Electrical Department of Electrical
Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering
Engineering TAA. University TAA. University
TAA. University Ankara , Turkey Ankara , Turkey
Ankara , Turkey otomn_kh@yahoo.com omarsaad529@gmail.com
ibmahariq@gmail.com
Turkey – Ankara 10 - 5 - 2016
1
TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER TRANSFORMER
DISCUSSION
DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER
TEST REQUIRMENTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
ROUTINE TESTS
REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
2
Transformer is a static device which
transforms A.C electrical power from one
voltage to another
Voltage keeping
The frequency same by
Electromagnetic induction
3
IRON CORE
4
DISCUSSION
TEST REQUIRMENTS
ROUTINE TESTS
5
TEST REQUIREMENTS
1- NAME PLATE FOR TRANSFORMER
S.N: 925 554
1=50KVA
2=100KVA
3=200KVA
4=300KVA
5=500KVA
6=800KVA
7=1000KVA
8=1500KVA
6
TEST REQUIREMENTS
2-TESTING DEVICES
7
TEST REQUIREMENTS
3- SAFETY EQUIPMENT
4 - MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
8
DISCUSSION
TEST REQUIRMENTS
ROUTINE TESTS
9
Types of testing
1- Routine tests
2- Type tests
3- Special tests
10
1-ROUTINE TESTS
1.1- Measurement of voltage ratio
1.2-Vector group verification
1.3-Measurement of winding resistance
1.4-Impedance voltage test(z)
1.5-Dielectrics Test
A-Measurement of insulation resistance.
B- Dissipation power factor / insulation power factor (tan∂)
C- OIL TEST
11
2- TYPE TESTS
THESE TESTS ARE CARRIED OUT ON ONE TRANSFORMER OF
THE LOT.
2.1- All routine tests.

2.2- Additionally following tests are included in type
tests.
A- Lightening impulse test.

B- Temperature rise test.
12
3-SPECIAL TESTS
3.1- Measurement of zero Phase sequence.

3.2- Measurement of acoustic noise level.
3.3- Measurement of harmonics of the no load current.
3.4- Magnetic balance test.
13
DISCUSSION
TEST REQUIRMENTS
ROUTINE TESTS
14
Transformer Breakdowns
15
Sources of faults in transformer
16
17
1-ROUTINE TESTS
Apply Tests Routine on Power Transformer

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA
VECT. GROUP: YnYnd11
18
1-1-Measurement of voltage ratio
1- This test measures the voltage ratio as per the customer’s

requirement.
2- V1/V2 = N1/N2
3-The voltage ratio is equal to the turns ratio in a transformer. Using

this principle, the turns ratio is measured with the help of a turns ratio
meter. If it is correct , then the voltage ratio is assumed to be correct.
4- apply the rated ratio for all tab (1-17).
5-apply the rated ratio for (132 kv,33kv 11kv)
6- Equipment used : Transformer Turns Ratiometer ( T T R)

19
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

VECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11
Rated ratio (Ynd11)H.V-L.V=( 132/ √3 ) / 11.5=6.6227 FOR TAP (9)
Tap pos. TAP Voltage (A-N) / (a-c) (B-N) / (b-a) (C-N) / (c-b) Rated Ratio
(kv) (Measured (Measured (Measured (Rated value )
value) value) value)
1 145.2 / 11.5
9 132.0 (132 ⁄ √3) ⁄ 11.5 = 6.627

10
11
17 118.8
20
TEST:
VECT. GROUP: Ynd11 FOR H.V – L.V
H.V
N A B C a
cN
b M.V
L.V TR.
b TR.
c
a n
Ratio meter
21
APPLLY THIS LAW
The no-load deviation of the turn ratios

should be ≤ % 0,5
22
The use of modern equipment
TTR (Transformer Turns Ratio) 23

1-2-Vector Group Verification
This test is very important for an engineer to figure out

directional connectivity for transformers.
(( Dy11 ,Yd11, Dy1,Yd1))
24
Dy11
Yd11
25
Dy1
Yd1
26
Steps to implement the test
STEP 1
Connect H.V
STEP 2
S.C
STEP 3
Take V
B-b , B-c ,C-b , C-c
27
C-b > C-c ≈ B-b ≈ B-c B-c > B-b ≈ C-c ≈ C-b B-c ≈ C-b>B-b ≈ C-c
Dy11 Dy1 Dd0
Yd11 Yd1
Yy0
28
1-3-Measurement of winding resistance
D.C RESISTANCE
This test measures the resistance of the H.V , M.V& L.V

winding. The values of resistance should be balance for all
three phases and should match the designed values.
Equipment used : Digital resistance meter.
29
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

FOR H.V, USES TAP POS. 1-9-17
FOR M.V , USES TAP POS. 1 - 3 - 5
FOR L.V , USES TAP POS. 1
Tap pos. A-N B-N C-N Resistance Oil Temp Rest. At
ohm ohm ohm 3-ph 75C˚
9 0.4108 0.4104 0.4192 1.2305 19C˚ 1.5023
17
30
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

WHEATSTON BRIDGE
WIND. REST. FOR H.V

H.V
N A B C c
c
b M.V
L.V b TR.
a
a n
WHEATSTON BRIDGE
31
RESISTANCE WINDINGS AT 75 C˚
Where :
T: CONSTANT ==234.5. for copper
T1: 75C˚
T2: The temperature at which the
measurement (19C ˚).
Rt1: Resistance value at the temperature
(75C ˚).
Rt2: Resistance value at measured
temperature
Rt1=1.502326 ohm
32
A V
A
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA H.V
B N
VECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11 C
VOLTMETER – AMMETER
A
Apply ohm law D.C
12V
V
B N
M.V
C
A
V L.V
C B
33
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

WINDING REST. H.V
H.V
2
1
N A B C c
c
TR. b
L.V b
a
a n M.V

34
What is the benefit of?
1- It is to compare the design calculations in terms of volumes

conductors used
2- Resistance winding test used in calculating copper losses
35
1-4-IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE TEST(Z)
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

VOLTMETER - AMMETER
A
A A
36
IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE TEST(Z)
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE (Z) :( H.V—L.V) (1,9,17) TAP POS.
IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE (Z) :( H.V—M.V) (1,9,17) TAP POS.
Tap pos. A-B B-C C-A A B C
1 420V 422V 429V 3.5AMP 3.3AMP 3.4AMP
17
37
Why do we apply the equation below?
FOR EXAMPLE:
Rated voltage =145.2kv , Rated current =250.5
Applied voltage Measured current Z=+ -7.5% FOR TWO
AB=420 A=3.5 WINDINGS
BC=422 B=3.3
CA=429 C=3.4 Z=+ - 10%FOR THREE
Apply the law : WINDINGS
38
What is the benefit of?

1- In the case of connecting a power transformer in parallel with the other
Test engineer must calculate the value of impedance. A impedance value should
be close.
2- When measuring three windings currents, they are roughly equal. In the case
of a damage in one winding .the current size. it will be bigger than two windings
remaining. This gives an indication of the presence of a defect in winding.
3- Read the short circuit level

FOR EXAMPLE:
Rated voltage =145.2kv , Rated current =250.5
39
1-5-Dielectrics Test
The dielectrics are separation between the parts of the

electrical system, and it may be solid or gaseous or liquid or
free space , and there is no insulating material full electrical
insulation , there is a certain electric current passes through it ,
in spite of the low value of the electric current .You should
know the value of this electric current.
The dielectric value less over a period of time. Because of their

exposure to different pressures
40
1-5-Dielectrics Test
Types of dielectric tests
1- Measurement of insulation resistance
2- Dissipation power factor / insulation power factor (tan∂)
3- Test oil
41
1-5-1- Measurement of insulation resistance.
1- Measures the insulation resistance of HV & LV windings with respect

to earth (body) and between LV & HV winding.
2- Voltage used: 1000 V to 5000 V
3- Recommended Values are ( M)Ohms for HV & 500 Mohms for LV.
4- Equipment used: MEGGER IS USED.
42
Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

insulation resistance :( H.V—L.V)
H.V 132kv
N A B C c
c
L.V 11.5kv b
b TR.
a
a n
M.V33kv
43
44
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
this test done on the electrical transformer to see the quality

of isolators used in the TRANSFORMER WINDINGS . and
isolators operate among themselves capacitors as in the
illustration.
132 kv
33 kv
11.5 kv
45
1- In capacitor ideal has no losses. The electric current

precedes voltage an angle of (90˚).
46
2- In practical, all capacitors find where the loss in

insulation
47
48
49
TESTING H.V 132kv
N A B C c
c
L.V 11.5kv b
b TR.
a
a n
M.V33kv
e
REPEAT THIS TEST: Tan

M-HLE :MEDIUM – HIGH , LOW , EARTH
L-HME : LOW – HIGH , MEDIUM , EARTH
H-M / H-L / M-L / 50
To find good values
51
1-5-3- OIL TEST
1- Oil breakdown voltage is checked

as per IS-335.
100 mm L X 70 mm B X 80 mm Ht.
glass pot.
500ml Oil sample.
2- Spherical electrodes with gap of 2.5

mm
3- Recommended value : 60KV
4- Equipment used : OIL BDV TEST SET.
52
DISCUSSION
TEST REQUIRMENTS
ROUTINE TESTS
53
Regular maintenance for power transformers
1- Periodic checking of
any loose connections of
the terminations of HV &
LV side.
54
2-Breather examination.
Dehydration of Silica gel if
necessary.
3-Explosion vent diaphragm
examination.
4-Conservator to be cleaned
from inside after every three
years.
55
5- Regular inspection of OIL &

WINDING TEMPERATURE METER
readings.
6- Cleanliness in the Substation yard
with all nets, vines, shrubs removed.
56
University of Turkish Aeronautical
Association
Faculty of engineering EEE department
TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER

TRANSFORMER
Thank you for your

attention!
Questions?
57

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Faculty of engineering EEE department

Supervision Presented by Presented by

DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER

REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS

DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER

REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS

1- NAME PLATE FOR TRANSFORMER

S.N: 925 554

DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER

REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS

2.1- All routine tests.

A- Lightening impulse test.

3.1- Measurement of zero Phase sequence.

DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER

REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS

Apply Tests Routine on Power Transformer

1- This test measures the voltage ratio as per the customer’s

3-The voltage ratio is equal to the turns ratio in a transformer. Using

4- apply the rated ratio for all tab (1-17).

5-apply the rated ratio for (132 kv,33kv 11kv)

6- Equipment used : Transformer Turns Ratiometer ( T T R)

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

9 132.0 (132 ⁄ √3) ⁄ 11.5 = 6.627

APPLLY THIS LAW

The no-load deviation of the turn ratios

The use of modern equipment

TTR (Transformer Turns Ratio) 23

This test is very important for an engineer to figure out

Steps to implement the test

Dy11 Dy1 Dd0

This test measures the resistance of the H.V , M.V& L.V

Equipment used : Digital resistance meter.

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

9 0.4108 0.4104 0.4192 1.2305 19C˚ 1.5023

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

WIND. REST. FOR H.V

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

The use of modern equipment

What is the benefit of?

1- It is to compare the design calculations in terms of volumes

2- Resistance winding test used in calculating copper losses

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

Tap pos. A-B B-C C-A A B C

1 420V 422V 429V 3.5AMP 3.3AMP 3.4AMP

Why do we apply the equation below?

What is the benefit of?

3- Read the short circuit level

The dielectrics are separation between the parts of the

The dielectric value less over a period of time. Because of their

Types of dielectric tests

1- Measurement of insulation resistance

2- Dissipation power factor / insulation power factor (tan∂)

1- Measures the insulation resistance of HV & LV windings with respect

2- Voltage used: 1000 V to 5000 V

4- Equipment used: MEGGER IS USED.

Type: 132/33 / 11.5KV ,63 MVA

this test done on the electrical transformer to see the quality

1- In capacitor ideal has no losses. The electric current

2- In practical, all capacitors find where the loss in

TESTING H.V 132kv

REPEAT THIS TEST: Tan