EE296 Seminar

EE 296

PA O L O J O S E M A R I P. Z A F R A

2016-91376
 Review of Related
Literature
&
Problem Statement
Presentation
Literature Review #1
“Analysis of Transient
Phenomena Due to a Direct
Lightning Strike on a Wind
Energy System”
[ 1 ] RODR I GUES, R . , M E N DES, V. , CATA L AO, J. ( 2 0 1 6). A N A LYSIS OF T R A NSIENT
P HE N OMENA DUE TO A DI R EC T L I G HTNING ST R IK E ON A W I N D E N ERGY
SYSTEM. E N E RGI ES 2 0 1 2, 5 , 2 5 4 5 - 2558; DOI : 1 0 .3390/EN507 2545
BRIEF SUMMARY
• TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF A WIND TURBINE WITH AN INTERCONNECTING

TRANSFORMER DUE TO A DIRECT LIGHTNING STRIKE TO THE BLADE [1]

• SIMULATION RESULTS WERE OBTAINED USING EMTP-RV [1]

[ 1 ] R O D R I G U E S , R . , M E N D E S , V. , C ATA L A O , J . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . A N A LY S I S O F T R A N S I E N T P H E N O M E N A D U E TO A
D I R E C T L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E O N A W I N D E N E R GY S Y S T E M . E N E R G I E S 2 0 1 2 , 5 , 2 5 4 5 - 2 5 5 8 ;
DOI:10.3390/EN5072545
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• THE ACTUAL PHYSICAL & GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE OF THE TOWER IS

NEGLECTED IN THE MODELLING.

 Constant Parameter Model of the
Tower and Blade structure

IMAGE RETRIEVED FROM [1] RODRIGUES, R., MENDES, V., CATALAO, J. (2016). ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT PHENOMENA
DUE TO A DIRECT LIGHTNING STRIKE ON A WIND ENERGY SYSTEM. ENERGI ES 2012, 5, 2545-2558;
DOI:10.3390/EN5072545
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• THE TOWER GROUNDING SYSTEM IS ALSO MODELLED AS A NONLINEAR

RESISTOR THAT IS FREQUENCY INDEPENDENT.

 Grounding Electrode Model

IMAGE RETRIEVED FROM [1] RODRIGUES, R., MENDES, V., CATALAO, J. (2016). ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT PHENOMENA
DUE TO A DIRECT LIGHTNING STRIKE ON A WIND ENERGY SYSTEM. ENERGI ES 2012, 5, 2545-2558;
DOI:10.3390/EN5072545
Literature Review #2
“The effect of wide band modeling
of tower-footing grounding system
on the lightning performance of
transmission lines: A probabilistic
evaluation”
[ 2 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . , S H E S H Y E K A N I , K . , & A L E M I , M . R . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . T H E E F F E C T O F
W I D E B A N D M O D E L I N G O F TO W E R - F O O T I N G G R O U N D I N G S Y S T E M O N T H E L I G H T N I N G
P E R F O R M A N C E O F T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S : A P R O B A B I L I S T I C E VA L U AT I O N . E L E C T R I C P O W E R S Y S T E M
R E S E A R C H 1 4 1 ( 2 0 1 6 ) , 1 - 1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P S : / / W W W. J O U R N A L S . E L S E V I E R . C O M / E L E C T R I C -
POWER-SYSTEMS-RESEARCH
BRIEF SUMMARY
• ESTIMATION OF BACK FLASHOVER RATE ( BFR) AND SHIELDING FAILURE FLASHOVER

RATE ( SFFOR) OF OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES [2]

• SIMULATIONS ARE CONDUCTED FOR A TYPICAL 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE IN THE

EMTP-RV SIMULATOR [2]

[ 2 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , G H O L I N E Z H A D, J . , S H E S H Y E K A N I , K . , & A L E M I , M . R . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . T H E E F F E C T O F W I D E
B A N D M O D E L I N G O F TO W E R - F O OT I N G G R O U N D I N G S Y S T E M O N T H E L I G H T N I N G P E R F O R M A N C E O F
T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S : A P R O B A B I L I S T I C E VA LUAT I O N . E L E C T R I C P O W E R S Y S T E M R E S E A R C H 1 4 1 ( 2 0 1 6 ) , 1 -
1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P S : / / W W W. J O U R N A L S . E L S E V I E R .C O M / E L E C T R I C - P O W E R - S Y S T E M S - R E S E A R C H
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS
• FREQUENCY DEPENDENT MODEL OF THE GROUNDING SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED
 A one port 3m vertical rod

IMAGE RETRIEVED FROM [2] SHARIATINASAB, R., GHOLINEZHAD, J., SHESHYEKANI, K., & ALEMI, M. R. (2016). THE
EFFECT OF WIDE BAND MODELING OF TOWER -FOOTING GROUNDING SYSTEM ON THE LIGHTNING PERFORMANCE OF
TRANSMISSION LINES: A PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION. ELECTRIC POWER S YSTEM RESEARCH 141 (2016), 1-10.
RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.JOURNALS.ELSEVIER.COM/ELECTRIC -POWER-SYSTEMS-RESEARCH
 Impedance vs. Frequency

Legend:
Red Line: Simple Resistor equal to DC
resistance
Blue Dashed Line: Soil with constant
electrical parameters
Green Dotted Line: Soil with frequency
dependent electrical parameters

FIGURE RETRIEVED FROM [2] SHARIATINASAB, R., GHOLINEZHAD, J., SHESHYEKANI, K., & ALEMI, M. R. (2016). THE
EFFECT OF WIDE BAND MODELING OF TOWER -FOOTING GROUNDING SYSTEM ON THE LIGHTNING PERFORMANCE OF
TRANSMISSION LINES: A PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION. ELECTRIC POWER S YSTEM RESEARCH 141 (2016), 1-10.
RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.JOURNALS.ELSEVIER.COM/ELECTRIC -POWER-SYSTEMS-RESEARCH
Literature Review #3
“Transient overvoltage
phenomena on the control
system of wind turbines due
to lightning strike”
[ 3 ] J I A N G , J . , C H A N G , H . , K U O , C . , H UA N G , C . ( 2 0 1 3 ) . T R A N S I E N T O V E R V O LTA G E
P H E N O M E N A O N T H E C O N T R O L S Y S T E M O F W I N D T U R B I N E S D U E TO L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E .
R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 5 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) , 1 8 1 - 1 8 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M :
H T T P S : / / W W W. S C I E N C E D I R E C T.C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E WA B L E - E N E R GY/ V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
BRIEF SUMMARY

• ANALYZES AND PROPOSES LIGHTNING PROTECTION METHODS BY SIMULATING THE

EFFECTS OF TRANSIENT OVER -VOLTAGE ON THE CONTROL SYSTEM THAT OCC UR

WHEN LIGHTNING DIRECTLY STRIKES A WIND TURBINE

[ 3 ] J I A N G , J . , C H A N G , H . , K U O , C . , H UA N G , C . ( 2 0 1 3 ) . T R A N S I E N T O V E R V O LTA G E P H E N O M E N A O N T H E
C O N T R O L S Y S T E M O F W I N D T U R B I N E S D U E TO L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E . R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 5 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) , 1 8 1 - 1 8 9 .
R E T R I E V E D F R O M : H T T P S : / / W W W. S C I E N C E D I R E C T.C O M /J O U R N A L / R E N E WA B L E - E N E R GY/ V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS
• THE PHYSICAL AND GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE OF THE WIND TOWER IS CONSID ERED IN

THE MODELLING OF THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT. THE VALUE OF THE IMPEDA NCE

OBTAINED IS MUCH MORE ACCURATE

• THE CONTROL LINE OF THE WIND TURBINE IS ALSO MODELLED AND INCLUD ED IN

THE CIRCUIT SIMULATION

 Tower Geometry

FIGURE RETRIEVED FROM [3] JIANG, J., CHANG, H., KUO, C., HUANG, C. (2013). TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGE PHENOMENA
ON THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF WIND TURBINES DUE TO LIGHTNING STRIKE. RENEWABLE ENERGY 57 (2013), 181-189.
R E T R I E V E D F R O M : H T T P S : / / W W W . S C I E N C E D I R E C T . C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E W A B L E- E N E R G Y / V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
 Equivalent Circuit of the
tower and the control line

FIGURE RETRIEVED FROM [3] JIANG, J., CHANG, H., KUO, C., HUANG, C. (2013). TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGE PHENOMENA
ON THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF WIND TURBINES DUE TO LIGHTNING STRIKE. RENEWABLE ENERGY 57 (2013), 181-189.
R E T R I E V E D F R O M : H T T P S : / / W W W . S C I E N C E D I R E C T . C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E W A B L E- E N E R G Y / V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
Literature Review #4
 “Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at
the More Sensitive Points in Wind
Farms Using Ant-Colony
Optimization Technique”
[ 4 ] A B D - A L L A H , M A . , S A I D, A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) . M I T I G AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G H A Z A R D S AT
T H E M O R E S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T - C O LO N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N
T E C H N I Q U E . B U L L E T I N O F E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 - 1 5 9 ; D O I :
1 0 . 1 1 5 9 1 / E E I .V 5 I 2 . 6 1 8
BRIEF SUMMARY
• THE PAPER AT TEMPTS TO EVALUATE THE OVERVOLTAGES AT THE SENSITIVE

POINTS IN WIND FARM, USING ATP -EMTP PACKAGE PROGRAM

• THE WORK DETERMINES THE OPTIMUM LOCATION OF THE WIND TURBINE AT

THE AREAS OF MAXIMUM LIGHTNING INCIDENCE

[ 4 ] A B D - A L L A H , M A . , S A I D, A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) . M I T I G AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G H A Z A R D S AT T H E M O R E
S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T - C O LO N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E . B U L L E T I N O F
E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 - 1 5 9 ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 5 9 1 / E E I .V 5 I 2 . 6 1 8
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS
• THE PROPER MODELLING OF THE GROUNDING SYSTEM IN A WIND TURBINE

STRUCTURE WAS SHOWN TO REDUCE THE GPR (GROUND POTENTIAL RISE) DU RING

TRANSIENT SIMULATIONS

[ 4 ] A B D - A L L A H , M A . , S A I D, A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) . M I T I G AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G H A Z A R D S AT T H E M O R E
S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T - C O LO N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E . B U L L E T I N O F
E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 - 1 5 9 ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 5 9 1 / E E I .V 5 I 2 . 6 1 8
 Grounding Models used in
EMPT-ATP

IMAGE RETRIEVED FROM [4] IMAGES TAKEN FROM: ABD-ALLAH, MA., SAID, A., ALI, M., (2016). MITIGATION OF
LIGHTNING HAZARDS AT THE MORE SENSITIVE POINTS IN WIND FARMS USI NG ANT-COLONY OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE.
BULLETIN OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS, 144 -159; DOI: 10.11591/EEI.V5I2.618
 Ground Potential Rise Comparison
of the Two Models

IMAGE RETRIEVED FROM [4] IMAGES TAKEN FROM: ABD-ALLAH, MA., SAID, A., ALI, M., (2016). MITIGATION OF
LIGHTNING HAZARDS AT THE MORE SENSITIVE POINTS IN WIND FARMS USI NG ANT-COLONY OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE.
BULLETIN OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS, 144 -159; DOI: 10.11591/EEI.V5I2.618
Literature Review #6
“Calculation of
Lightning Current
Parameters”
H E I D L E R , F. , C V E T I C J . M . , S TA N I C , B .V. ( 1 9 9 9 ) . C A L C U L AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G C U R R E N T
PA R A M E T E R S . I E E E T R A N S A C T I O N S O N P O W E R D E L I V E R Y, V O L . 1 4 , 3 9 9 - 4 0 4 D O I :
10.1109/61.754080
RELEVANCE TO RESEARCH TOPIC:
NOVEL LIGHTNING CURRENT CHANNEL FUNCTION
• THE HEIDLER FUNCTION WAS FIRST INTRODUCED IN THIS PAPER. THE
FUNCTION DESCRIBES A LIGHTNING CURRENT CHANNEL IN A STRICKEN
OBJECT. H E I D L E R , F. , C V E T I C J . M . , S TA N I C , B .V. ( 1 9 9 9 ) . C A L C U L AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G C U R R E N T PA R A M E T E R S . I E E E
T R A N S A C T I O N S O N P O W E R D E L I V E R Y, V O L . 1 4 , 3 9 9 - 4 0 4 D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / 6 1 . 7 5 4 0 8 0

• THE HEIDLER FUNCTION IS WIDELY USED BY POWER ENGINEERS TO

MODEL A LIGHTNING CURRENT IN TRANSIENT ANALYSIS SIMULATIONS

Taken from:
Heidler, F., Cvetic J.M., Stanic, B.V. (1999). Calculation of
Lightning Current Parameters. IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery, Vol. 14, 399-404 doi: 10.1109/61.754080
Wherein
𝐼𝑜 − 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝜏1 − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝜏2 − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝜂 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
n − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
THE EQUATION TO THE LEFT IS THE
HEIDLER FUNCTION. USING KNOWN
PARAMETERS OF THE CURRENT SHAPE
OF A LIGHTNING STROKE, AN
EQUIVALENT CURRENT SOURCE CAN BE
MODELED IN A SIMULATION USING THE
SAID FUNCTION. G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) .
T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T
T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O V AT I V E S M A R T
GRID TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE EUROPE (ISGT -EUROPE); DOI:
10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2018.8571788
Literature Review #7
“Transient Analysis on
Wind Turbine Blade due
to Different Types of
Lightning Discharges”
G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E
TO D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT
G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S G T - E U R O P E ) ; D O I :
10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2018.8571788
RELEVANCE TO RESEARCH TOPIC:
CONSIDERATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIGHTNING DISCHARGES
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIGHTNING DISCHARGES ARE CONSIDERED IN THIS
STUDY, NAMELY, NEGATIVE LIGHTNING FLASH, POSITIVE LIGHTNING
FLASH, BIPOLAR LIGHTNING FLASH, AND MULTICOMPONENT
LIGHTNING FLASH. ALL OF WHICH ARE MODELLED AND SIMULATED IN
EMTP-RV USING A SIMPLIFIED WIND TURBINE MODEL. G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N .
( 2 0 1 8 ) . T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E
P E S I N N O V AT I V E S M A R T G R I D T E C H N O L O G I E S C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S G T - E U R O P E ) ; D O I :
10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2018.8571788

• ACCURATE MODELLING OF THE WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE WAS

NEGLECTED IN THE STUDY
• THE CURRENT MODEL OF THE LIGHTNING DISCHARGE CURRENT IS
IDEAL. RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE RESEARCH PROPONENTS IS TO
USE A NORTON EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL WITH AN IDEAL CURRENT
SOURCE SHUNTED TO A PASSIVE ELEMENT THAT REPRESENTS THE
LIGHTNING CHANNEL IMPEDANCE. G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N
W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O V AT I V E S M A R T G R I D
TECH N OLOGIES CO N FE RE NCE E U RO P E ( IS G T -EURO PE ) ; D OI: 1 0 .1 1 0 9 /ISGTEU ROP E .20 1 8.8 57 1 7 88
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018
IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

I L L U S T R AT I O N O F T H E L I G H T N I N G C U R R E N T S H A P E A S W E L L A S T H E I M P O R TA N T
PA R A M E T E R S A S R E C O M M E N D E D I N C I G R E A N D I E E E D O C U M E N T S . I T I S N E C E S S A R Y TO
D E T E R M I N E T H E VA L U E S O F 1 0 % , 5 0 % A N D 9 0 % O F P E A K VA L U E , A S W E L L A S T H E
C O R R E S P O N D I N G T I M E VA L U E S ( F R O N T T I M E - T F , TA I L T I M E - T T, A N D D U R AT I O N T ) .
 THE IMAGE TO THE LEFT IS THE
PLOT OF AN ACTUAL LIGHTNING
EVENT RECORDED ON 2016 -01-12
AT 22:49:09.471 GMT. THE
RESEARCH PROPONENTS USED THE
DATA TO MODEL A NEGATIVE
LIGHTNING FLASH IN THE EMTP -RV.
CURRENT PEAK VALUE = -11.169 KA
FRONT TIME = 3.2326 ΜS
TAIL TIME = 86.0096 ΜS
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES WIND TURBINE BLADE DUE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O V AT I V E S M A R T
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788 G RID TECH N OLOG IES CO N F E RE NCE E U RO P E ( IS G T -E UROP E) ;
DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2018.8571788
 THE IMAGE TO THE LEFT IS THE
PLOT OF AN ACTUAL LIGHTNING
EVENT RECORDED ON 2016 -01-10
AT 23:48:07.481 GMT. THE
RESEARCH PROPONENTS USED THE
DATA TO MODEL A POSITIVE
LIGHTNING FLASH IN THE EMTP -RV.
CURRENT PEAK VALUE = 88.7501 KA
FRONT TIME = 44.7000 ΜS
TAIL TIME = 173.6010 ΜS
G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind WIND TURBINE BLADE DUE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O V AT I V E S M A R T
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: G RID TECH N OLOG IES CO N F E RE NCE E U RO P E ( IS G T -E UROP E) ;
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2018.8571788
 THE IMAGE TO THE LEFT IS THE
PLOT OF AN ACTUAL LIGHTNING
EVENT RECORDED ON THE 11TH
OF DECEMBER 2011 AT
16:08:15.855 GMT. THE RESEARCH
PROPONENTS USED THE DATA TO
MODEL A BIPOLAR LIGHTNING
FLASH IN THE EMTP -RV.
G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N
WIND TURBINE BLADE DUE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF
L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O V AT I V E S M A R T
G RID TECH N OLOG IES CO N F E RE NCE E U RO P E ( IS G T -E UROP E) ;
DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2018.8571788

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

Bipolar Lightning Flash Parameters

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
 THE IMAGE TO THE LEFT IS THE
PLOT OF AN ACTUAL LIGHTNING
EVENT RECORDED ON THE 12TH
OF JANUARY 2016 AT
22:49:09.055986 GMT. THE
RESEARCH PROPONENTS USED THE
DATA TO MODEL A
MULTICOMPONENT LIGHTNING
FLASH IN THE EMTP -RV.
G R E B O V I C , S . , O P R A S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T R A N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N
WIND TURBINE BLADE DUE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF
L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O V AT I V E S M A R T
G RID TECH N OLOG IES CO N F E RE NCE E U RO P E ( IS G T -E UROP E) ;
DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2018.8571788

Muliticomponent Lightning Flash Paramaters

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Literature Review #8
“Transient modeling of
the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning
related overvoltages”
S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T R A N S I E N T M O D E L I N G
O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R TO A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D
O V E R V O LTA G E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) , 1 1 5 1 - 1 1 6 6 D O I :
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084
RELEVANCE TO RESEARCH TOPIC:
WIDE-BAND MODEL OF WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE
• THE PROPONENTS USED A VERY ACCURATE WIDE -BAND MODEL OF THE
OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE WIND TURBINE WHICH INCLUDES THE
FREQUENCY DEPENDENT MODEL OF THE BLADE INCLUDING THE SLIP RING
AND THE FERRITE RING AND ALSO THE WIDE -BAND MODEL OF THE
GROUNDING SYSTEM OF THE TOWER. S H A R I A T I N A S A B , R . , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) .
TRANSIENT MODELING OF THE WIND FARMS IN ORDER TO ANALYSIS THE LI GHTNING RELATED OVERVOLTAGES. RENEWABLE ENERGY
132 (2019), 1151-1166 DOI: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084

• THE PROPOSED MODEL OF THE RESEARCHERS WERE COMPARED TO OTHER

MODELS IN THROUGH THE VALUES OBTAINED IN THE SIMULATION. IT WAS
SHOWN THAT THE PROPOSED MODEL GAVE OUT A RELATIVELY LOWER
ESTIMATES OF THE OVERVOLTAGE VALUES AS COMPARED TO OTHER MODELS.
SHARIATINASAB, R., KERMANI, B., GHOLINEZHAD, J.(2019) . TRANSIENT MODELING OF THE WIND FARMS IN ORDER TO AN ALYSIS
THE LIGHTNING RELATED OVERVOLTAGES. RENEWABLE ENERGY 132 (2019), 1151-1166 DOI:
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084

• THE PROPOSED MODEL CAN LOWER THE COST OF THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
DUE TO THE LOWER SURGE VOLTAGE ESTIMATES THROUGH SIMULATION
 T HE I M AG E TO T HE L E F T I S T HE
W I DE - BA ND M ODE L OF T HE
OV E R ALL ST R UC TURE OF T HE WI N D
T U R BI NE T HAT WA S U S E D FOR
T R A NSIENT A N A LYSIS I N T HE E M T P -
RV

S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D ,
J.(2019) . TRANSIENT MODELING OF THE WIND
F A R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G
R E L AT E D O V E R V O L TA G E S . R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y 1 3 2
(2019), 1151-1166 DOI:
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084
Image is taken from:
Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084

Image is taken from:
Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084
T HE I M AG E TO T HE L E F T I S T HE
OV E RVOLTAGE P LOTS I N T HE BOOST
T R ANSFORMER T HAT WAS G E NERATED
F ROM T HE E MT P -RV. T HE P ROP OSED
M ODE L DE N OTED BY “P. M .”
EST IM ATES A R E L ATI VELY LOW E R
OV E RVOLTAGE VA LU E COM PA R ED TO
OT HE R R E F E RENCED M ODE L S.
S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D ,
J.(2019) . TRANSIENT MODELING OF THE WIND
F A R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G
R E L AT E D O V E R V O LTA G E S . R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y 1 3 2
(2019), 1151-1166 DOI:
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084
 The image to the left is the overvoltage plots
in the control line cable that was generated
from the EMTP-RV. The proposed model
denoted by “P.M.” estimates a relatively
lower overvoltage value compared to other
referenced models.

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient

modeling of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

Image is taken from:

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084
 The image to the left is the overvoltage plots
in the tower that was generated from the
EMTP-RV. The proposed model denoted by
“P.M.” estimates a relatively lower
overvoltage value compared to other
referenced models.

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient

modeling of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

Image is taken from:

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084
Problem Statement for
Proposed Topic
“Transient Analysis on
Wind Turbines due to
Different Types
of Lightning Discharges
using A Wide Band Model”
 PRESENT LIGHTNING RELATED STUDIES ON WIND TURBINES GENERALLY
MAKES USE OF SIMPLIFIED MODELS IN DOING SOFTWARE SIMULATIONS.
REDUCTION OF COMPLEXITY IN THE DESIGN PROCESS BY NEGLECTING SEVERAL
PARTS OF THE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE IS THE MAIN INTENTION OF SUCH
ENDEAVORS . THESE SIMPLISTIC METHODS HOWEVER OVERESTIMATE THE VOLTAGE
RATING OF EACH COMPONENTS IN THE SYSTEM, WHICH ENTAILS AN INCREASE IN
COST.
AN IMPROVED MODEL THAT PROVIDES AN EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
REPRESENTATION OF THE OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE WIND TURBINE CAN
REDUCE THE ESTIMATED VOLTAGE RATINGS OF EACH SUBSTRUCTURE OR
COMPONENT OF THE WIND TURBINE. THE PROPOSED WIDE-BAND MODEL
FEATURES AN EQUIVALENT NETWORK COMPOSED OF IMPEDANCES THAT
CONSIDERS THE FREQUENCY COMPONENTS OF HIGH CURRENT LIGHTNING SURGES.
THIS WIDE-BAND MODEL IS TO BE SIMULATED IN THE PSCAD/EMTDC
SOFTWARE. THE PAPER WILL ALSO INCLUDE A SIMULATION OF THE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF LIGHTNING DISCHARGES SUCH AS POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, BIPOLAR, AND
MULTICOMPONENT TYPES AND TO DETERMINE THEIR EFFECT TO THE WIDE-BAND
MODEL. FOR PRACTICALITY, THE VALUES TO BE USED FOR MODELLING THE
DISCHARGE CURRENT IN THE SIMULATOR ARE ACTUAL MEASURED FIELD VALUES
FROM RECORDED LIGHTNING EVENTS . THE DISCHARGE LOCATION IS CHOSEN TO BE
THE WIND TURBINE BLADE AND VOLTAGE READINGS FROM SEVERAL POINTS IN THE
CIRCUIT IS TO BE MEASURED. THE RESULTS OF THE SIMULATION SHOULD AID WITH
THE SELEC TION PROCESS OF THE SURGE ARRESTER TO BE INSTALLED IN THE
SYSTEM .