INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT

AND CITY LOGISTICS

TRANSPORT TEACHING MATERIAL Transparencies 2003

EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results

www.eu-portal.net
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AS PART

OF THE TRANSPORT CHAIN

Chapter 1
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

OVERVIEW

Introduction to logistics

Specialities and problems of urban freight transport

New trends in urban freight transport

Chapter 1
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

LOGISTICS

Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,

implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and
storage of goods, services, and related information
from the point of origin to the point of consumption
in order to meet customers’ requirements

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

IMPORTANCE OF CITY LOGISTIC

High rate of urbanisation in Europe

Delivery and supply of transport are very cost intensive

Environmental sensitivity of urban areas

• Air pollution
• Noise emissions

Economic competitivity of urban areas

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

COMPONENTS OF THE LOGISTICAL

PROCESS
PRODUCTION i.e. the qualitative change of a good

DECONSOLIDATION i.e. shipments are united or dispersed

STORAGE i.e. goods are stored until they are

called for by consumers

CONSUMPTION i.e. goods are consumed or further

changed qualitatively

DISPOSAL i.e. used goods are disposed as waste

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

PASSAGERS - GOODS

Passangers
Travel (active)
Board, get off and transfer without
assistance
Process information and act on it
without assistance
Meet choices between means of
transport without assistance but
often irrationally
Goods
Must be loaded, unloaded and
transferred
The information must be processed
through logistics managers
Logistics managers meet choices
between means of transport
rationally
Must be loaded, unloaded and
transferred

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SINGLE-STEP SYSTEM

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

MULTI-STEP SYSTEM

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

COMBINED SYSTEM

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

TRANSPORT CHAIN

Sequence of technical and organisational inter-

connected events, by which goods are moved from

an origin (supplier) to a destination (receiver)

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

ORGANISATION OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

POSSIBLE
TRANSPORT
CHAINS

Chapter 2
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SPECIAL FEATURES OF
URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT

Spatial restrictions

Traffic infrastructure

Environmental concerns and sensitivities

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RESEARCH ON FREIGHT TRANSPORT

IN URBAN AREAS
political strong economical
reglementations constraints necessities

negative macroeconomic effects

positive macroeconomic effects

particularities of
todays logistic processes

research and
development

new concepts
in city logistic
todays processes

future processes

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

POSSIBILITIES FOR CITY DELIVERY

Individual forms of organizations
• Receivers without self-coordinated delivery logistics
• Receivers with distribution company coordinated
delivery logistics
• Receivers with self-coordinated logistics

Superordinated forms of public organizations

• Goods distributions centres
• Freight villages

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RECEIVERS WITHOUT SELF-ORGANIZED LOGISTICS

1. 2.

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RECEIVERS WITH CO-ORDINATED LOGISTICS

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

LACK OF OVERSIGHT FOR THE ENTIRE SYSTEM

Freight transport is normally based on rational decisions

• One aspires to minimal operation cost

 Should lead to a reduced use of resources

However, many transport processes are not optimal from a macroeconomic

perspective
• The several subsystems (involved companies) are too small
• Subsystems are optimised under the constraint of business without
taking into account the entire system

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TRIPS AND TONNAGE

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SUBOPTIMAL TRANSPORT CHAINS

FROM A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

Companies tend to avoid breakpoints in the transport chain

 Short-haul vehicles (e.g. vans) are used also for midlength

and long stretches

 Combined transport (Rail - Road) is rarely used

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

NO FURTHER BUNDLING OF TRIPS

company A No interest by the

enterprises involved
(receivers/distribution
companies)
• des Single enterprises
are in competiton with
one another

company C company B • en Doesn‘t go along

with internal process
optimisation

city centre  Incentive measures from

the public a necessity

Chapter 3
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

POSSIBILITIES FOR OTPIMISATION

New forms of Organisations
• Goods distribution Centres
• Freight villages

New Technical Developments

• New Transhipment Technologies
• Smaller Containers in the Logistical Sphere

Administrative Control Mechanisms

• Creation of regulations
• Taxation
• Subsidy and infrastructure development

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

GOODS DISTRIBUTIONS CENTRE

(City Terminal)

At a Goods distribution centre all goods flows with

destination city centre are consolidated and compiled to new

loads. The aim of a city terminal is the Minimisation of the

number of Delivery Tips in City Centres.

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

GOODS DISTRIBUTION CENTRES

AND FREIGHT VILLAGES
1. 2.

1 Function of a goods distribution center

2 Functionaliy of a village with transhipment service

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

FREIGHT VILLAGES

Freight villages are industry zones with the best connections to

the transport network, where freight transport intensive

enterprises, are established. Ideally, they have the equipment for the

transhipment between different transport modes.

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

LOGISTICAL SERVICES AT A FREIGHT

VILLAGE

• Long-distance transport

• Distribution transport

• Warehousing

• Deconsolidation

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

INFRASTRUCTURE AT A FREIGHT VILLAGE

• Connections to the network

(high capacity roads, railway network,
waterways, etc.)

• Transhipment services for intermodal transport

• Branch lines

• Environmental protection services

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL

SERVICES AT A FREIGHT VILLAGE
• Distribution service, in the sense of a city
terminal

• Garage for vehicles, containers and

transhipment equipment

• Offices for customs, road traffic

• Safety services

• Information services, communications services

(i.e., conference rooms), consultancy services

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

NEW TRANSHIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Why?

• Cheaper transhipment

• Separation of long distance transport and short

distance transport

• Adequate vehicles for short distance transport

• Promotion of rail transport

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

NEW TRANSHIPMENT TECHNIQUES TO

PROMOTE COMBINED TRANSPORT

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SMALLER CONTAINERS
IN THE LOGISTICS SHEPHE
Why?

• More adequate load units for supply and delivery

• Cheaper deconsolidation

• Long distance container = short distance container

• No interruption in transport chain

• Better degree of utilisation of the loading capacity

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SMALLER CONTAINERS

Chapter 4
 INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL MECHANISMS

Creation of regulations
• Weight
• Emission
• Delivery times
• Access roads
• Loading zones

Taxation

Subsidy and infrastructure development

Chapter 4