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Emile Durkhiem, in his landmark study of
suicide, develop the concept of anomie to
characterized the condition of a society or
group with a high degree of confusion and
contradiction in its basic social norm.
Durkheim's Suicide is a foundational text for
the discipline of sociology, and, over a
hundred years later, it remains influential in
the study of suicide.
Durkheim's study demonstrates that what is
thought to be a highly individual act is actually
socially patterned and has social, not only
psychological, causes.
Durkheim's study uses the logic of
multivariate statistical analysis, which is now
widely used in the discipline of sociology.
Durkheim considered factors including
country, marital status, religion, and
education level to explain variations in
suicide rates.
Determined by relationships between individuals and
society
Suicide rates are dependant upon the
degree to which individuals were
integrated into society and the degree
to which society regulates individual
behaviour
Kadar Bunuh diri bergantung kepada
sejauh manakah seseorg dpt
berintegrasi kepada masyarakat dan
sejauh manakah sesuatu msyrkt dpt
meregulasi kelakukan ahlinya.
The causes of suicide are not
individual
Suicide is social structural in
origin
Suicide rates are higher in men than
women
Suicide rates are higher for those who
are single than those who are married.
Suicide rates are higher for people
without children than people with
children.
Suicide rates are higher among
Protestants than Catholics and Jews.
Suicide rates are higher among soldiers
than civilians.
Durkhiem traced that the unusually high
suicide rates during period of serious
economic depression, severe political crises
and upheavals, rapid society change and
other unstable social conditions, to the
absence or sharply reduced efficacy of
normative regulation during such time.
Under such conditions, Durkheim hypothesized,
the usual rules that restrain us from committing
socially act can become weakened for some
members of society.