Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
In the beginning
6 Basic Adjustments
• Speed Reference
• Minimum Speed
• Maximum Speed
• Acceleration
• Deceleration
• Current Limit
Typical DC Drive
Adjustments
Adjustments - Speed Reference
• Speed Reference
• Typically it is a potentiometer that an operator
turns to adjust the speed of the machine.
Adjustments – Min. Speed
• Minimum Speed
• How fast the machine will operate with the Speed
Reference turned all the way DOWN.
Adjustments – Max. Speed
• Maximum Speed
• How fast the machine will operate with the Speed
Reference turned all the way UP.
Adjustments - Acceleration
• Acceleration Rate
• How much time it will take to go from stop to full
speed.
Adjustments - Deceleration
• Deceleration Rate
• How much time it will take to go from full speed to
stop.
Adjustments - Current Limit
• Current Limit
• This limits the amount of current coming out of the
drive. It’s based on the motors Full Load Amps.
Basic DC Drive Operations
• Summing Junction
• Takes the signal from the Ramp circuits and adds
them together with some sort of feedback.
• Feedbacks can be speed,voltage or current.
• The result out of the summing junction is an error
signal indicating the difference between the speed
reference and the feedback. Another way to look
at it is “ difference between how fast I want it to go
verses how fast it is actually going”
• Output goes to the Major Loop (Speed or Voltage
Loop)
Basic DC Drive Operations
Basic DC Drive Operations
• Power Module
• This is where the SCR’s live.
• The Power Module has AC power connected to it
which is what gets switched (through the SCR’s)
to the motor armature circuit as DC.
Basic DC Drive Operations
SCR Construction
Typical DC Drive - SCR’s
Power Module (SCR’s)
Non-Regen
Power Module (SCR’s)
Regen
Basic DC Drive Operations
• Motor
• The interaction of 2 magnetic fields causes
rotation (armature & field).
• Typically the Field coils have a constant voltage
applied and we vary the voltage in the armature to
get variable speed (up to Base speed)
• To go above base speed we have constant
maximum voltage in the armature and then we
weaken the field voltage.
Speed Regulator
Voltage Regulator
Current Regulator
Position Regulator
Force Transducer
Tension Regulator Basic
Contactor Reversing
3 Basic Types of Braking
• Coast to Rest
• Dynamic Braking
• Regenerative Braking
Braking Methods
• Coast to Rest
• The application coasts to a stop. Time to rest is
determined by Friction, Windage and Inertia of the
load.
• Dynamic Braking
• Inertia contained in a load causes the load to
continue rotating generating a voltage and current
in the armature circuit opposite in direction of
motoring and being dropped across a high
wattage resistor.
Braking Methods
• Regeneration
• Inertia contained in a load causes the load to
continue rotating generating a voltage and current
in the armature circuit opposite in direction of
motoring current. Using a second set of SCR’s
connected opposite than the first set, these are
fired so that current flow is allowed to flow in the
opposite direction back to the AC line supply.
4 Quadrant Operations
DC Dynamic Braking
Braking Force
Stopping Methods Compared
The AC drive
AC Line
Motor
VLL @ Drive
500 Volts / Div.
+ DC Bus
- DC Bus
Phase Current
10 Amps / Div.
Type 4X/12
Type 4/4X/12 Type 12
Open Loop AC
Closed Loop AC
Vector
Open Loop SensorLess
3 Components of Vector
Control
Motor
Current
Torque
Current
Magnetizing
Current
Optimizing Torque output
Motor
Current
Torque
Current
90 Degrees
Magnetizing Current
Torque is optimized by maintaining Magnetizing & Torque Current @ 90 degrees
Magnetizing Current