First generation language machine language

Group members:

1-yosra mhd

2-hevin mhd zeki

3-noor ferhad

4-Yasser Ali
Content

– Introduction
– First generation programming language
– Machine language
– Adv&disadvantage of 1G
Introduction

– In general, a language is a communication medium between two

people. We often use English, German, French, Hindi etc. etc.
languages to share our thoughts with each other. You might know
that a computer can do nothing automatically if we don’t give proper
instructions to it. So, to communicate with a computer or to talk with
a computer we also need a language. So that we can tell a computer
to play a song, play a video, copy a file or something else. The
languages used to give such instructions to a computer are referred
as the programming language. There are different generations of
programming languages are available.
First generation programming language

– The first generation programming language is also called low-level

programming language because they were used to program the
computer system at a very low level of abstraction. i.e. at the machine
level. The machine language also referred to as the native language of
the computer system is the first generation programming language.
In the machine language, a programmer only deals with a binary
number.
Machine language

– Machine Language is one of the low-level programming languages

which is the first generation language developed for communicating
with a Computer. It is written in machine code which represents 0
and 1 binary digits inside the Computer string which makes it easy to
understand and perform the operations. As we know a Computer
system can recognize electric signals so here 0 stands for turning off
electric pulse and 1 stands for turning on electric pulse. It is very
easy to understand by the Computer and also increases the
processing speed.
Machine language

Example:
 Let us say that an electric toothbrush has a processor and main
memory.
 The processor can rotate the bristles left and right, and can check
the on/off switch.
 The machine instructions are one byte long, and correspond to the
following machine operations:
Machine language
Advantage of first generation language

1. They are translation free and can be directly executed by the

computers.
2. The programs written in these languages are executed very speedily
and efficiently by the CPU of the computer system .
3. The programs written in these languages utilize the memory in an
efficient manner because it is possible to keep track of each bit of
data.
Disadvantage of first generation language

1. Programs had to be written using binary codes unique to each

computer.
2. Programmers had to have a detailed knowledge of the internal
operations of the specific type of CPU they were using.
3. Programming was difficult and error-prone.
4. Programs are not portable to other computers.
Binary code
 Binary language

– it consists of a series of 0 and 1, the language

The only one understood by the computer
directly, that is to master the programmer
Language .As a result of these difficulties,
other ways of representing binary coding, such
as the HEX-ADECIMAL and the octal system.
HEX-ADECIMAL
HEX-ADECIMAL

– consists of sixteen symbols: 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3,

2, 1, 0 Which makes it easier to read and save
written instructions. A, B, C, D, E, F
Language, instead of writing 16 numbers in a
string that can be replaced by four symbols
from Six hexadecimal operating system icons
Convert form HEX-Decimal to Binary
Convert form Binary to HEX-
Decimal
TABLE FOR
HEX AND
BINARY
SYSTEM