Refers to a set of detailed rules to cover the

processes and practices that shall be utilized

in a specific construction project site in
conformity with the OSHS including the
personnel responsible and the penalties for
violations thereof.
Every construction project shall have a suitable
Construction Safety and Health Program
 The Company is committed to the protection of its resources, including
employees and properties against human suffering and financial loss resulting
from accidents.
In fulfilling this commitment, which ranks equally with other business, we will
provide and maintain a safe and healthful working condition, maintain a vigorous
accident program and ensure that all our activities pose no threat to the
environment, safety and health of those who may be affected directly or indirectly.
We shall fully comply with all applicable laws, requirements and while loss
prevention and environmental protection are direct responsibilities of line
management, it is the duty of all employees to work safely in line with these
policies and standards.
Sgd. Juan dela Cruz
Project Manager
Plan, develop and oversee the implementation of accident prevention
programs

Direct accident prevention efforts in accordance with rules/ program

Conducts toolbox meetings everyday

Review inspections and accident investigation reports

Prepare and submit to DOLE minutes of committee meetings, work

accidents and illnesses, and other reporting requirements

Assist government inspectors

Initiate/ supervise safety and health training for employees

Develop and maintain a disaster contingency plan

 Materials handling/ Heavy equipment/ TESDA
Site Planning requirements
Excavation/ Confined space entry
Electrical and Lock-out Tag-out (LOTO)
Pile driving
Hoisting and Rigging Training/ Orientation/ Tool box meeting
Scaffolding/ Temporary structures Safety promotion/ Incentive program
Signages and barricades
Safe work procedures/ Work permit system
Accident reporting / Reportorial requirements Hot works/ Compressed gas/ Welding/
Hand and power tools Grinding

Industrial Hygiene/ Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)

Physical agents/ PNEL/ Illumination/
Ventilation
Good housekeeping/ 5S

Fire prevention and protection

Personal protective equipment

First-aid and occupational health facilities

Protection of the general public

Offenses and sanctions/ penalties

Workers’ welfare facilities

Waste disposal

Emergency response and evacuation procedure

 2,000,000 workers DIE every year

 More than 100,000 work fatalities occur every month

 more than 5,000 everyday

 4 every minute

 Each year, 22,000 children are killed by work accidents!

With a highly mobile population of workers and
different contractors working on dangerous
construction sites at the same time,
CONSTRUCTION continues to be a major cause
of death and disabilities.
 Total 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
Industry 13,886 2,586 2,004 2,974 3,687 2,635
Agriculture 2 5,650 788 493 1,376 1,891 1,102
Fishing 93 34 8 24 14 13
Mining & Quarrying 261 81 31 50 77 22
Manufacturing 1 5,843 1,270 1,037 1,151 1,343 1,042
Electricity 233 36 21 37 80 59
Construction 4 378 53 38 42 70 175
Wholesale/ Retail etc. 3 732 109 177 170 148 128
Hotel & Restaurant 97 37 31 25 4 -
Transport.,Storage & Comm. 5 375 86 113 62 38 76
Financial Intermediation 6 4 - 1 - 1
Real Estate etc. 87 47 24 4 7 5
Education 1 - - - - -
Health & Social Work 24 21 3 - - -
Other, Community, Personal Serv. 105 20 27 32 14 12
Public Administration 1 - - - 1 -
 Factors That Contribute
to the Occurrence of Accidents
in the Construction Industry
 EMLPOYEE
HEALTH
FAMILY
REGULATORY
AGENCY

SAFETY PRODUCTION

QUALITY

ACCIDENT
CORPORATE
COSTS
IMAGE
  Injured workers
Less production
Loss of efficiency and income

 Other employees
 Medical Expenses
Loss in efficiency due to sympathy to the injured
 Equipment Damage Loss of productivity due to:
 Wasted Raw Materials work stoppage out of curiosity
assisting injured worker
 Insurance Premiums
 Supervisors
 Litigation Expenses Loss of productivity:
when assisting the injured
due to accident investigation

 Replacement Worker
Hiring or Training
Identify / recognize the occupational
health hazards in the CONSTRUCTION
industry;
Know measuring instruments used to
assess hazards.
Identify the evaluation methods to assess
the levels of exposure to hazards.
 Need to know the environmental factors that may affect
workers health.

 What will happen to you and your family if you get injured
and cant work?

 What will you lose if you get injured /sick?

1. Salary 3. Job advancement
2. Quality of life 4. Future opportunities
 Construction work is featured by high
labour turnover, constantly changing
work environment and conditions on site
 CONSTRUCTION WORKERS ARE EXPOSED TO
A WIDE VARIETY OF HEALTH HAZARDS ON
THE JOB

 Exposure differs from trade to trade,

job to job, day by day, even by the hour
 Exposure to any one hazard is typically
intermittent and of short duration but is likely
to reoccur

 MAY ALSO BE EXPOSED AS A BYSTANDER

TO HAZARDS PRODUCED BY THOSE WHO
WORK NEARBY

 The severity of each hazard depends on the

concentration and duration of exposure for
that particular job
 Chemical Physical

Biological
Social

Ergonomics
1. Noise
2. Extreme Temperature
3. Extreme Pressure
4. Inadequate illumination
5. Vibration
6. Radiation
7. Insufficient ventilation
• Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Enzymes,
Micro-organism
Exposure can be:

 Unsanitary conditions of canteen, rest rooms,

lockers etc.
 Removal of industrial waste and sewage
 Food handling
 Contact with workers with communicable diseases
 Contact with animals especially pests, rats, etc.
 “Ergo” = “work”
“Nomos” = “laws”

Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary
activity that assembles information on
people’s capacities & applies that information
in designing jobs, products, workplaces, and
equipment.

Remember:“Fit the task to the man”

 Organic Solvents  Vapor

 Heavy Metals  Fumes

 Gases  Smoke

 Acids  Mists

 Dusts  Particulates
Example:

Roofers Heat
Vapors from roofing tar
Roof Stability
Ladder Safety
Edge Awareness
Improper Training
CONTROL MEASURES

1. Engineering Control
2. Administrative Control
3. Personal Protective Equipment
ENGINEERING CONTROL
• Change process to minimize contact with hazardous chemicals.
• Use of wet methods to reduce generation of dusts or other particulates.
• General dilution ventilation.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
• Rotate job assignments.
• Adjust work schedules so that workers are not overexposed to a
hazardous chemical.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Use chemical protective clothing.
• Wear respiratory protection.
• Use gloves.
• Wear eye protection.
Let us not ask what our work can
do for us but ask what we can do
for our working environment to
make it a healthy, safe and
environment friendly workplace.
 Protection to every workingman against the
dangers of injury, sickness or death through safe
and healthful working conditions, thereby
assuring the conservation of valuable manpower
resources and the prevention of loss or damage
to lives and properties.
 Open Excavation
 Falling Objects
 Welding Operations
 Dust Dirt
 Temporary Wirings
 Temporary Overhead Electrical Lines
 Construction premises
shall have adequate fire,
emergency or danger
sign and safety
instructions of standard
colors and sizes visible
at all times
Any, but not limited to, emergency or
danger sign, warning sign or safety
instruction, of standard colors and sizes
in accordance with the specifications for
standard colors of signs for safety
instructions and warnings in building
premises as described in Table II of the
OSH Standards.
LOCATION
Safety signs shall be placed
such that they will:
 Be readily visible to the
intended viewer
 Alert the viewer to the
potential hazard in time to take
appropriate action

PROTECTION
Against foreseeable damage, fading or
visual obstruction caused by abrasion,
ultra-violet light, or substance such as
lubricants, chemical and dirt.
SIGNAL WORD PANEL
Area of safety sign that contains the signal word and the safety alert symbol

MESSAGE PANEL
Area of the safety sign that contains the word messages which identify the hazard, indicate
how to avoid the hazard and advise of the probable consequence of not avoiding the hazard

SYMBOL/PICTORIAL PANEL
 Area of the safety sign that contains the symbol/pictorial
SAFETY RED: Fire Protection.
To call attention to fire protection equipment apparatus and facilities
 Fire stations and equipment (fire extinguishers, pumps, buckets, hose, hydrant)
 To identify Dangers, Stop signals (red lights placed on barricades at temporary obstructions or
on temporary construction; stop button for electrical switches used for emergency stopping of
machinery

SAFETY GREEN: Safety. Designating Safety

Location of first aid equipment; location of safety devices; safety bulletin boards
SAFETY YELLOW: Caution. To designate caution and for marking physical
hazards, such as striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping and caught in between.
Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes, yellow and black checkers or yellow with
suitable contrasting background
Construction equipment, such as bulldozers, tractors; handrails, guardrail or top and bottom of
treds of stairways where caution is needed; lower pulley blocks and cranes;piping systems
containing dangerous materials
SAFETY ORANGE: Alert. To designate dangerous parts of machines
and energized equipment which may cut, crush, shock or otherwise
injure, and to emphasize such hazards when enclosure doors are open or
when gear, belt, or other guards around moving equipment are open or
removed, exposing unguarded hazards
To designate the sign “Do not open or remove” (the inside of movable guards; safety starting
buttons and boxes; exposed parts of gears, pulleys, rollers, cutting device; inside of the box door or
cover of open fuse, power and electrical switches boxes)
SAFETY BLUE: Precaution. To designate caution, limited to warning
against starting use of, or the movement of equipment which is under
repair or being worked upon
“Men at Work”
“Under Repair”

SAFETY PURPLE: Radiation. To designate radiation hazards. Yellow is

used in combination with purple for markers, such as tags, labels, signs
and floor markers
 WHERE SIGNAGES ARE NEEDED
Usage of PPE prior to entry to the project site
Potential risks of falling object
Potential risks of falling
Explosives and flammable substances are used or stored
Tripping or slipping hazards
Danger from toxic or irritant airborne
contaminants/substances may exist
Contact with or proximity to electrical/facility equipment
Contact with dangerous moving parts of machineries and
equipment
Fire alarms and fire fighting equipment
Source of drinking water
Sanitary and washing facilities
Living accommodation
Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for men and women
Construction Site Housekeeping
Clear Points
1. Housekeeping means there is a place for
everything and everything is in place. It is
everybody’s business to observe it in the
workplace.
2. Housekeeping is important because it lessens
accidents and related injuries and illnesses; it
therefore improves productivity, and minimizes
direct and indirect costs of accidents/illnesses.
3. The 5S is a very practical, simple and proven
approach to improving housekeeping in the
workplace.
Seiri (Sort/eliminate)
Seiton (Systematize/organize)
Seiso (Sweep/clean/polish)
Seiketsu (Sanitize/standardize)
Shitsuke (Self-discipline/training)
What is Electricity?
Is our most versatile form of energy. Failure to ensure
that safe design, considerations, work procedures,
servicing and maintenance operation are established
often result in bodily harm (including
fatalities),property damage or both
DANGERS FROM ELECTRICITY
 Shock

 Burn

 Fire
 High Voltage
High Voltage or Low Voltage
 660 and Up Volts

Reasons:
 It is were the public moves
 Low Voltage
 Workmen are less experienced
 1 to 659 Volts
 It is treated less dangerous
RESISTANCE OF MATERIAL:
Most metals ………………………...…>0 to 50 ohms
Human body (wet, ear to ear) ………100 ohms
Human body (damp, hand to foot) …400 to 600 ohms
Human body (wet skin) ………….…1000 ohms
Human body (dry skin) ………….…100,000 to 800,000 ohms
Dry wood …………………………….100,000 ohms
Wet wood …………………….……...1,000 ohms
Rubber …………………….100,000,000,000,000 ohms
 Disturbance to normal body function
 Burns on body tissue
 Secondary accident
 Involuntary grip
 Ventricular fibrillation
 Death
 Use of grounding system
 Decrease the line to earth voltage
 Use equipment with double insulating structure
 Installation of earth leakage circuit breaker
 Equipment utilizing extra low voltage
 Remote control system
 Proper Installation of Electrical Circuit
 Insulation
 Grounding
 Fuse/Circuit Breaker
 Lock-Out Tag-Out (LOTO)
 Regular Inspection and Maintenance Use of PPE
 Fire is a chemical reaction between a flammable or combustible
substance and oxygen.
WHAT IS FIRE? It is frequently referred to as “rapid oxidation with the
evolution of light and heat.”
To produce fire, three things must be present at the time:
_______, ______
Oxygen Fuel and _____.
Heat
CLASSES OF FUEL:
Class A Class B Class C Class D
wood, paper, gasoline, Overloaded Magnesium
dried grass, kerosene, electrical sodium,
etc. paints, wires and potassium,
thinners, oil, equipment etc.
etc. Fire spread with
the presence of
class A & B
materials
PRINCIPLES OF FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Prevent the Outbreak of Fire
Provide for Early Detection
Prevent the Spread of Fire
Provide for Prompt Extinguishment
Provide for Prompt and Orderly Evacuation
TYPES OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
 Water
 Foam
 Carbon Dioxide
 Dry Chemical
 Halogenated Agents
Personal protective equipment are variety of devices
and garments designed to serve as a barrier between
workers and workplace hazards.

Guidelines in Selecting PPE

1. Identify the hazard
2. Understand the effect
3. Recommend the proper equipment
4. Train workers on proper usage
and maintenance
 HAZARDS EFFECTS

 Impact from falling  Perforation/fracture

objects
of the skull
 Bump against rigid
stationary objects
 Penetration by  Electrical shock
sharp objects
 Contact with live
electrical  Burns
conductors
 Fire hazards
 Eye & Face Protection
Protective eye and face equipment shall be required where there is a
reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipment.

Occupational Eye and Face Hazards

1. Large flying particles and fragments from operations such as caulking,

chiseling, coarse grinding, hammering, metal working and riveting.
2. Dust, fumes, mists, and small particles from woodworking, light
grinding, sanding, metal working, spot welding, scaling, and paint
spraying.
3. Vapors and liquids from solvents and paints.
4. Intense heat and radiation from furnace tending, electric welding, and
oxyacetylene welding and cutting.
 Effects of Occupational Eye and
Face Hazards
EFFECTS

1. Permanent loss of vision

2. Temporary loss of vision
3. Inflamed eyes
4. Skin Burns
5. Lacerations
6. Fractures
7. Broken Teeth
You should wear a hearing protection device
whenever you are exposed to noise that is 90 decibels
or greater for an 8-hour period of time.

A hearing protection device is anything that can be worn to

reduce the level of sound entering the ear.
 Decibels (dB) Examples
Duration per day, Sound level dB slow 0 The quietest sound you can hear
hours response 30 Whisper, quiet library
60 Normal conversation, sewing machine,
8 90
typewriter
6 92
70-80 Television, city street noise, police whistle
4 95 90 Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic, an
3 97 electric motor, Car horn at 5 meters
2 100 distance
1½ 102 (8 hours per day is the maximum exposure)
100-110 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, close to a
1 105
moving train, spray painting
½ 110
115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert, auto horn
¼ or less 115 at close distance
140 Gun muzzle blast, jet engine
(causes pain)
FILTRATION RESPIRATORS or Mechanical
Respirators screen out dust and some form of
mist. Such Filters need to be replaced at
frequent intervals.

CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE DEVICES

remove contaminants by passing the tainted
air through material that traps the harmful
portions. There are specific cartridges for
specific contaminants.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

Supply air from an air tank is strapped at the person’s back.
Acids/Mists
Solvents/Vapors
Gases / Smoke
Dusts/Particulates
Heavy Metals/Fumes
Hand and Arms Hazards Common Hand and Arm Injury
 Temperature Extremes  Burns
 Chemical exposure and  Bruises
splashes  Abrasions
 Cuts
 Sharp objects
 Punctures
 Fire
 Fractures
 Abrasive material  Amputations
 Electrical conductors  Electrocution
 Foot and Leg Protection

Hazards: Common Foot and Leg Injury

 Falling or rolling objects • Fractures

 Sharp objects • Punctures
 Live Electrical conductors • Burns
 Hot surfaces • Cuts
 Wet, slippery surfaces • Amputations
• Electrocution
 Accident
An occurrence or event that is:
• unexpected,
• unforeseen,
• unplanned and
• unwanted
that may or may not cause damage,
injury, fatality, loss or work stoppage.
 Types of Accident
•Struck against rigid structure, sharp or
rough objects
•Struck by falling or flying objects,
sliding or moving parts
•Caught in, on, or between objects
•Fall on same level
•Fall on different levels
•Electrocution
• Fire
 UNSAFE ACT FACTORS CONTRIBUTING
The human action that departs from a
TO UNSAFE ACT
standard or written job procedure or
common practice, safety rules, • Improper Attitude
regulations or instructions.
• Physical Limitations
• Lack of Knowledge or Skills
The physical or chemical property of a
material, machine or the environment
which could result in injury to a
person, damage or destruction to
property or other forms of losses.

 Defective tools and equipment

 Inadequate warning systems
 Excessive noise
 Not enough light to see to do the work
 Misuse of tools or defective tools
can result in severe personal injury!
 Human carelessness
 Not knowing the right tool for the job
 Ignorance of safety precautions
 Failure to maintain/keep the tools properly
 Not instructed for the correct usage • Keep tools clean

• Check tools for good working condition

• Use the right size and type for the job

• Carry tools in tool box, bag or belt

• Do not use excessive force on the tool

• Wear appropriate PPE


SCAFFOLD
means any temporary elevated platform
(made of timber, metal or bamboo) and
its supporting structure (including points
of anchorage) used for supporting
employees or materials or both in the
course of any construction works,
including maintenance and demolition
works.
 As a working platform
• So that the worker can stand on the platform
to perform their work easily and safely
• So that the workers can place their
materials and logistics to carry out their
job
 As a platform and walking passage
• Scaffolding support the platform used by
the worker as their walking path to
transport the materials and logistics
 Falls from elevation

 Struck by falling
tools / debris
 Scaffold collapse

 Electrocution
Falls from elevation Scaffold collapse
• Use guardrails •Proper scaffold construction
• Use fall arrest systems •Do not overload with people or equipment
•Use personal fall arrest systems
•Have a competent person check scaffold
Struck by falling tools or debris
Electrocution
• Barricade the area below the scaffold and forbid
•Honor clearance distances required between power
entry
• Use panels or screens lines and scaffolding

• Build a canopy or net •De-energize the lines

•Install protective covering
 Supported Scaffolds

consist of one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams,

brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid
support.
 Suspended Scaffolds

are platforms suspended by ropes, or other non-rigid means, from

an overhead structure.
 Frame or Fabricated  Mobile  Pump jack
 Pole or Wood Pole  Specialty and Other Scaffolds  Tube and Coupler