AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Presented By, Guided By,

Muhammed Riyas Gopinathan.V
S7MB Asst:Prof
NO:103 Dept of Mechanical Engg
Introduction
• Device which changes gear ratios automatically
• Deliver maximum efficiency
• Difference between automatic and manual transmission
• Easier to drive because they do not have a clutch pedal or
gearshift lever
• There are two type of automatic transmissions
CLASSIFICATION

 AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSIONS
USING PLANETARY
GEARS

CONTINUOUSLYVARIABLE
TRANSMISSION(CVT)
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
USING PLANETARY GEARS
Components

• PLANETARY GEAR
SYSTEM
• TORQUE CONVERTER
• HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• GOVERNOR
• COMPUTER
CONTROLS
1. Sun gear 2. Planet gear 3. Ring gear 4.
Planetary carrier

PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM

PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM (SIDE VIEW)
 HOW PLANETARY GEARS WORK
• Power transfer can only take place when one of the members is
held at rest or if two of the members are locked.
Input Output Stationary Calculation Gear Ratio

A Sun (S) Planet Carrier (C) Ring (R) 1 + R/S 3.4:1

B Planet Carrier (C) Ring (R) Sun (S) 1 / (1 + S/R) 0.71:1
C Sun (S) Ring (R) Planet Carrier (C) -R/S -2.4:1

Gear Input Output Fixed Gear Ratio

1st 30-tooth sun 72-tooth ring Planet carrier 2.4:1

30-tooth sun Planet carrier 36-tooth sun 2.2:1

Planet carrier 72-tooth ring 36-tooth sun 0.67:1

2nd

Total 2nd 1.47:1

30- and 36-tooth

3rd 72-tooth ring 1.0:1
suns

OD Planet carrier 72-tooth ring 36-tooth sun 0.67:1

Reverse 36-tooth sun 72-tooth ring Planet carrier -2.0:1

 TORQUE CONVERTOR
• takes the place of the clutch
found on standard shift vehicles
• large doughnut shaped device that is mounted
between the engine and the transmission
• it uses oil or transmission fluid to transmit power
• three internal elements that work together
to transmit power to the transmission.
TORQUE CONVERTOR
 THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• complex maze of passages and tubes that sends transmission
fluid under under pressure to all parts of the transmission
and torque converter.
• Transmission fluid serves in shift control, general lubrication
and transmission cooling.
• Keeps the transmission at normal operating temperature

• OIL PUMP
• VALVE BODY
• SHIFT VALVES
• BANDS
 Gear pump
Oil Pump

• Produce all the oil pressure that is

required in the transmission

• The oil is then sent, under

pressure to the pressure regulator,
the valve body and the rest of the
components, as required.
 Valve Body

• The brain of the automatic

transmission
• Contains a maze of channels
and passages that direct
hydraulic fluid to the
numerous valves
• These valves activate the
appropriate clutch pack or
band servo to smoothly shift
to the appropriate gear for
each driving situation.
 Shift Valves
• Supply hydraulic pressure to
the clutches and bands to
engage each gear
• Determines when to shift from
one gear to the next
• The 1 to 2 shift valves
determines when to shift from
first to second gear.
 Band
• A band is a steel strap with
friction material bonded to the
inside surface.
 GOVERNER
• provides the inputs that tell the
transmission when to shift
• connected to the output shaft
and regulates hydraulic pressure
based on vehicle speed
COMPUTER CONTROLLS

• Detect such things as throttle position, vehicle speed,

engine speed, engine load,etc. to control exact shift
points
• Downshift automatically when going downhill, to
control speed and reduce wear on the brakes.
• Up shift when braking on a slippery surface to reduce
the braking torque applied by the engine.
• Inhibit the Up shift when going into a turn on a
winding road.
CONCLUSION
Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,
hydraulic systems, electrical systems and computer controls,
all working together in perfect harmony
THANK YOU