Dr. C.V.

Raman University

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND NAME – JYOTI GUPTA
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING MTECH.- 4 th SEM (P.S.)
 Abstract

A photovoltaic (PV) model is proposed on Matlab/Simulink environment considering

the real atmospheric conditions and this PV model is tested with PV panels technologies.
The meteorological data of Chhattisgarh—the location of the study—such as irradiance,
cell temperature, and wind speed are taken into account in the proposed model for each
technology. Eventually, the power outputs of the PV module under real atmospheric
conditions are measured for resistive loading and these powers are compared with the
results of proposed PV Matlab /Simulink model.
 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

 A solar cell basically is a p-n semiconductor junction.

 Energy from the sun comes to Earth in tiny pieces called photons.
 Photons can hit atoms and give off energy.
 Photons have traveled all the way from the Sun and are hitting the atoms to produce heat. Since
they produce electricity from light, solar cells are also called photovoltaic cells (“photo” is
Greek for light and “volt” is a unit of electricity).
 A photovoltaic cell works by capturing a photon from the sun using special metals called
semiconductors.
 When photons hit semiconductors, they can produce electricity instead of heat. By using
semiconductors to build solar cells, we can produce electricity from sunlight.

 Solar cell offers several advantages such as: high reliability, low maintenance cost, no
environmental pollution, and absence of noise.
 Solar cells are used on Earth in places that get lots of sunlight throughout the year.
 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW

 NURUL AFIQAH ZAINEL In the year 2016published a paper on PV module consist number
of photovolatic cell that are connected in series and parallel used to generate electricity frem
solar energy..The characteristics of PV module are different based on model and environment
factor.In this paper ,simulation of PV module using MATLAB simulink approach.

 XUAN HIEN NGUYEN In year 2015 published a paper on PV model is proposed on

MATLAB /simulink environment considering the real atmospheric condition and this PV
model is tested with different PV panel technology.
 CHAPTER-3

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

 There’s no denying that photovoltaic (PV) systems are a great renewable energy resource, but
they do need regular attention.

 The factor which affect the performance of solar photovoltaic is follows

i. Issues in the modules or on the balance of system can cause a loss of energy.

ii. Solar energy can be utilized to operate in sunlight, utilizing either the thermal or light part of
solar radiation.
 The major limiting factor has been the high cost

 And the lack of familiarity of the technology which require concerted effort in training of
technicians and large scale introduction in a region with adequate technical support.

 Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature.

 CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

 For the research work to be carried out it is important that the selected software should have
adequate features to allow modeling of PV system and equivalent sources.

 simulate the performance of the system.

 The software checked for suitability is MATLAB. MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. It is
a powerful tool for designing and analyzing and Simulink model of any particular system.

 We can design and simulate the Simulink model of photovoltaic arrays. Therefore for the
purpose of this research work MATLAB has been exclusively used.
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

The equivalent circuit of a photovoltaic cell is shown in figure 4.1 The current source represents
the photocurrent (Iph), generated at the junction region by the photons with energy enough to
produce pairs of electrons-holes; the diode represents the PN junction with reverse saturation
current (I); Joule losses and leakage currents are represented by the currents through the series
resistance (Rs) and the shunt resistance (Rsh) respectively

Figure 4.1-Equivalent circuit of photovoltaic cell

If an association of cells (photovoltaic modules) the case, N is the number of cells associated in
series. Most of the photovoltaic modules available in the market are constituted by 30 to 36
cells.The circuit diagram of a PV cell is shown above in above figure. Accurate simulation is
obtained after considering the following parameters.

1. Temperature dependence of the diode reserved saturation current Is and photo current Iph
2. Series resistance Rs and Shunt resistance Rsh

Three points of the curve should be highlighted:

a) open-circuit: this point is obtained when the terminals of the module are disconnected. The
module presents a voltage called "open-circuit voltage" Voc;

b) Short-circuit: the terminals of the module are connected with an ideal conductor, through
which flows a current called "short-circuit current" (Ish). In this situation, the voltage between
module terminals is zero

c) maximum-power: point where the voltage versus current product is maximum.

 MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL CHARACTERISTICS OF A PV MODULE

The current and power outputs of photovoltaic modules are approximately proportional to
solar irradiation and the ambient temperature. At a given intensity, a module’s output current and
operating voltages are determined by the characteristics of the load. In order to determine the
characteristics of the PV module, the Power vs. Voltage (P-V) and Current vs. Voltage (I-V)
curves must be constructed. Three parameters, namely, Open Circuit voltage (Voc), Short circuit
current (Isc), and Maximum Power Point (Vmp, Imp), given by the manufacturer of the PV module,
are used for the prediction of the PV characteristics of solar PV module. The Typical P-V and I–V
characteristics of a PV cell are shown in Figure 1.2. There is a unique
 Maximum Power Point (MPP) on the P–V curve, at which the PV cell generates the
maximum power. This point is known as the maximum power point (Vmpp, Impp). The value of
the maximum powers depends on the environmental factors, such as temperature and irradiation.
The maximum power condition always occurs at the knee of the P-V characteristic curve.

Figure 1.2 P-V, I-V curve of the PV cell at a given temperature and irrad
SIMULINK/MATLAB MODEL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC
PV PANEL INTERNAL DIAGRAM
 CHAPTER-5

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

 The study will providean insight to identify the behavior of PV panel with change of the
environmental parameters like temperature and irradiance and cell parameters parasitic
resistance and ideality factor and also to estimating the IV curves under such changes.

 Considering the environmental and cell parameters, a PV cell simulation set up model based
on PV cell equations is developed in MATLAB/SIMLINK with a variable load resistance at
the output.

 Prior to simulation some predefined specification and some calculated data obtained will be
used for evaluating with simulated model. Further the calculated data from the simulated
model and the data will be comparing for evaluating the simulation results.
Simulink and Graph obtained during simulation between I-V and P-V
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Considering the environmental and cell parameters, a PV cell simulation set up model based on
PV cell equations is developed in MATLAB/SIMLINK with a variable load resistance at the
output.
From the simulation results which are depicted in figures (5)-(9), the variables , , , and n which
affects the performance of a PV panel is studied thoroughly. In addition to it, these results could
be used to develop the MPPT algorithm by understanding how these variables work.

The ideal condition for obtaining the maximum power from the PV panel are =25ºC, A.M=1.5,
=0.18 ohm, and n=1.36 which is shown in Fig: 5 with legend G=1000 W/ (blue color). This ideal
condition is also specified in the Solarex MSX-60 datasheet [14].

Every manufacture intends to produce their PV panel in the ideal condition as mentioned above.

Hence this is a summary for understanding the behavior of PV panel with change of the said
variables and also in estimating the IV curves under such changes.
 REFERENCES

[1] Nurul Afiqah Zainal1, Ajisman2 And Ahmad Razlan Yusoff3 Faculty Of Manufacturing
Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia “Modelling of
Photovoltaic Module Using Matlab Simulin” 2016

[2]Xuan Hieu Nguyen1* And Minh Phuong Nguyen2 “Mathematical Modeling of

PhotovoltaicCell/Module/Arrays With Tags In Matlab/Simulink” Nguyen And Nguyen Environ
Syst Res (2015)

[3] Habbati Bellia A,*, Ramdani Youcef B, Moulay Fatima “A Detailed Modeling of
Photovoltaic Module Using Matlab A Detailed Modeling Of Photovoltaic Module Using
Matlab” 2014

[4]R. Ayaz, I. Nakir, and M. Tanriove Department of Electrical Engineering, Yildiz Technical
University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey “An Improved Matlab-Simulink Model
of PV Module considering Ambient Conditions” 2014
THANK YOU