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Types of error

Presented to: Mahwish Mokal


Presented by: Ramsha Touqeer
Types of Errors
Error:

An error according to Pit Corder, takes place


when the deviation arises due to lack of
knowledge. An error cannot be self-corrected.
(Ellis, 1994)
Mistake
• A mistake is a faulty utterance produced by language learners
caused by lack of attention, fatigue or carelessness.

Example:
• We cross the road when there is red light.
Error Analysis
Error analysis is a technique to identify or interpreting systematic of
error that made the learner who are studying a foreign language or
second language by using theories or procedures based on linguistics.
Example:
• I realize this is the best thing
Realize = realized ; error in tense form
Is = was; error in tense form
Types of Errors

Micro level Macro level


Types of Errors at Micro Level
• Error of omission
• Error of addition/overgeneralization
• Spelling errors
• Local errors
• Global errors
• Ordering/syntactic error
• Double marking
• Blending errors
Omission:
Omission means that an item which must be present in a well-formed
utterance is absent. There is evidence that grammatical morphemes
are omitted more often that content morphemes which carry the
meaning.
Example:
• INCORRECT: She sleeping.
There is error of helping verb in this sentence.
• CORRECT: She is sleeping.
• Incorrect: my sisters very pretty
• Correct: my sister is very pretty
Addition:
Additions is indicated by the presence of an “unwanted” item in
sentences. The unwanted items do not appear in a well-formed
utterance. This happens when the learners overuse certain
grammatical rules of the target language.
Example:
• Incorrect: he didn’t to come.
Correct : he didn’t come.
Spelling Errors
A spelling error is a word which is not spelled as it should be.
For example:
• Incorrect: C u l8r
Correct: See you latter
• Incorrect:F9
Correct : fine
• Incorrect: Wot color is it.
Correct: what color is it?
Local Errors
Local error is one which affects a particular constituent.
For example:
• My girlfriend is beautiful
• Go and kills the waves
Global Errors
Global errors is one which involves the overall structure of
a sentence.
For example:
• I like take taxi but my friend said so not that we should
be late for school
• That place I was circling to find that place which you
say.
Double Marking:
• Double marking is the use of morphology in two places
or manners to express a morpho-syntactic feature on the
same linguistic element.
Example:
Incorrect: I did not came (grammatical error)
Correct: I did not come
Blending Errors:
This error of tongue slips refers to a fusion of two words
into one.
Example:
• Please exland that (explain and expand)
• Not in the sleast (slightest and least)
Types of Errors at Macro Level
• Orthographical errors
• Phonological errors
• Lexico semantic error
• Morphological errors
Orthographical Errors:
Orthographic comes from the Greek roots ortho, meaning correct,
and graphs meaning writing. You have made several orthographic
errors if you write “alot of peeple came two the skool.” The spelling
of “a lot,” “people,” “to” and “school” are all incorrect.
Phonological Errors
Phonological processes patterns of sound errors that typically
developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to
talk. They do this because they lack the ability to appropriately
coordinate their lips, tongue, teeth, palate and jaw for clear speech.
Example:
• nana instead of banana
• Mato for tomato
Lexico-semantic Errors:
Errors are termed as communicative when the learner attempts to use
a structure or a word which lexical, semantic and functional
characteristics have not been taught in the classroom. Errors are
labeled interlingual errors when L1 has a rule, which L2 does not
have, and the L1 rule is applied to L2.
Example:
• English is alive language by which every one can convey his
ideas.
• I am working 24 o’clock each week
Morphological Errors
While learning a second or a foreign language the learners commit
various types of errors of language. The errors relating to the
formation of words may be termed as the morphological errors.
Every language has its own process of the word formation which
differs in varying degrees from that of the native language of the
learners. If you get the wrong morpheme in the wrong place at the
wrong time, you’ve committed a morphological error.
For example:
• He putted the plate on the table. (a past tense morpheme has been
added to the verb)
• They have six children's. (The world “children” is already plural)

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