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Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics DAM 20903
U=F.s
U = ( F cos Ø ) . s
2
U12 F cos 1
ds
2 2
U12 F . dr F cos ds
1 1
Work of a weight
2
1
2
1
U12 F . dr Wj . dx i dy j dx k
Wdy W y2 y1
2
U12 W y
* Δy : vertical displacement
: U w :
: U w :
Work of a Force on a spring
Fs k s
k s ds k s2 s1
2 2 1
U12 Fs ds
1 1 2
2 2
Work of a weight
3. U w mg.( y) (10)(9.81)( 2 sin 30) 98.1J
Total work
U total U p U Fs U w 692.8 90 98.1 505 J
Principle of Work and Energy
F ma
ds dv dv
F m . mv
dt ds dt
F
2 2
t ds mv dv
1 1
1 1 1 2
U mv2 mv1 T
2 2
1 2
mv (Kinetic Energy)
2 2 2
T1 U12 T2
Activity 2
The 15.0 kN automobile is travelling down the 10º inclined road
at the speed of 60 m/s. If the driver jams on the brakes, causing
his wheels to lock, determine how far s his tyres skid on the road.
The coefficient of the kinetic friction between the wheels and the
the road is μk = 0.5.
F 0
N A 15000 cos10 0
N A 14772.12
T1 U12 T2
mv1 W sin s k N A s mv2
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 15000
( )(60) 2 [15000 sin 10 s 0.5 14772.12 s 0
2 9.81
s 575.63m
Power and Efficiency
• Power is defined as the amount of work performed per unit
time
dU F dr dr
P F F v
dt dt dt
• Mechanical Efficiency
power output energy output
Efficiency( )
power input energy input
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
T1 U12 T2
T1 [(V1 V2 ) (U12 ) noncons] T2
T1 V1 T2 V2
where : 1 2
T mv
2
1
V W y ks2
2
T V T V
1 1 2 2
Activity 3
The gantry structure in the photo is used to test the response of an airplane
during a crash. As shown in figure, the plane, having a mass of 8 Mg is hoisted
back until Ø = 60º, and then the pull back cable AC is released when the plane
is at rest. Determine the speed of the plane just before it crashes into the
ground, Ø = 15º. Also, what is the maximum tension developed in the
supporting cable during the motion? Neglect the size of the airplane and the
effect of lift caused by the wings during the motion.
Using conservation of mechanical energy
T1 V1 T2 V2
1
0 8000 g 20 cos 60 8000v2 8000 g 20 cos15
2
2
8000 g 20cos 60 cos15
1
v2
2
4000
40 g 0.4659
v2 13.5 m / s