Mechanism In Evolution

Jeramel Ray Chester T. Manalo

BSEd1205
Mechanisms that are basic in the
Evolutionary Process of species are:
 Mutation
 Genetic Drift
 Gene Theory
 Natural Selection
Mutation
It is spontaneous or induced change or
alteration in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
sequence in a cell which is the hereditary
material encoded with genetic instructions that is
also responsible for variations in species
Genetic Drift
A change in the gene pool tending to affect a
small isolated population which occurs by chance
whereby certain genetic traits are either lost or become
widespread. This mechanism is also called genetic
sampling error or the Sewall Wright Effect named after
the American geneticist Dr. Sewall Wright (1889-
1988), one of the founders of population genetics
Gene Flow

Migrating species interbreed with a

population and thus adding their genes to the
gene pool of the new population
Natural Selection
The environment subject species to the
survival of the fittest and those fit enable them to
continue passing their proven genes traits to the
next generation that makes them suitably adopt
to the same environment
HUMAN ANCESTRY
 Physical Anthropology
along with the branch of biology that studies
heredity (science of genetics) and paleontology
(study of prehistoric life) and other allied sciences
had determined that about 3.6 million years ago,
the earliest human-like primate referred to as
hominid appeared on Earth long after the
dinosaurs extinction about 65 years ago.
A common misconception is that man came from
monkey and often making reference to Darwin as
a proponent. It is only that man and monkey
descended from a common primate ancestor that
is neither man nor monkey but appeared to
resemble the two that lived 6 to 8 million years
ago.
Homo is the genus of modern humans and the
first group that came out of Africa to other parts
of the world. The Genus name derived from the
Latin word humanus (human). The species that
evolved under the genus are:
1. Homo habilis 4. Homo heidelbergenesis
2. Homo rudolfensis 5. Homo floresiensis
3. Homo Erectus 6. Homo sapiens
Homo Habilis

Specie with brain comprise

of a Broca’s area (speech in
modern humans.
First to make and use tools
Homo Habilis

“Handy Man”
Lived about 2.4 to 1.4
million years ago scavenging
for food.
Homo Rudolfensis

With longer face, larger

molar and premolar teeth.
Lived for about 1.9 to 1.8
million years ago.
 Homo
Rudolfensis

Having a larger braincase than habilis

particularly larger frontal lobes, area of the
brain that processes information.
 Homo Erectus
“Upright Man” with body
proportions that of modern
humans.
Lived 1.89 to 1.43 years
adapted to hot climates and
mostly spread in Africa and
Asia.
 Homo Erectus
First known hunters with
improvised tools such as
stone axes and knives.
The first to produce and
control fire.
 Homo
Heidelbergenesis

Specie with large brow ridge and short and wide

bodies that lived about 700,000 to 200,000 years
ago in Europe and Africa.
Homo Heidelbergenesis
They were the first early
human species to live in
colder climates, first to
hunt large animals on
routine basis using spears,
and first to construct
simple shelters.
 Homo Floresiensis
Specie nicknamed “Hobbit” due to their stature
with a height of more or less than 3 feet.
Homo Floresiensis

Lived 95,000 to 17,000 years ago in the island

of Flores, Indonesia along with other dwarfed
animal species.
Homo Sapiens
The specie name means
“Wise Man” that appeared
from 200,000 years ago.
This is where the present
human race belongs
 Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis
Sub-specie with short yet
stocky in the body built
adapted to winter climates
especially in icy cold places
in Europe and Asia.
Closest relative of
modern humans
Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis
First to practice burial of
their dead
Lived about 200,000 to
28,000 years ago hunting
and gathering foods and
sewing clothes from animal
skins using bone needles.
 Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Sub-specie also known as

Cro-Magnon characterized
to be anatomically modern
humans and lived in the
last Ice Age of Europe.
Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Lived from 40,000 to

10,000 years ago.
The first to produce art
in the cave paintings and
crafting decorated tools
and accessories.