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Exudate
Blot haemorrhage
Diabetic maculopathy
Hard exudate
Pre-proliferative
CWS
Haemorrhage
Vascular Microaneurism
tortuosity
Proliferative retinopathy
NVD
NVE
Pre-retinal haemorrhage
Rubeosis iridis
End-stage diabetic eye disease
PHTHISIS
Shrunken, soft eye with
opaque vascularised
cornea and no visual
potential
SYMPTOMS/ GEJALA
• ASIMPTOMATIK UNTUK JANGKA LAMA
• STADIUM LANJUT DG EDEMA MAKULA/
VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE – VISUS
TURUN MENDADAK
PEM. DIAGNOSTIK
• PEM. FUNDUS DG PUPIL DIDILATASI –
OFTALMOSKOPI, FOTO FUNDUS, FFA
DD
• VASCULAR RETINAL DISEASE
TERAPI
• LASER: Light
Amplification by the
Stimulated Emission
of Radiation
– Focal
– Grid
– Panretinal
photocoagulation
SCREENING
• No retinopathy or BDR with normal vision
– See yearly, or sooner if vision deteriorates
• Refer to ophthalmologist
– BDR with macular changes
– BDR with decrease in vision
– Pre-proliferative retinopathy
– Proliferative retinopathy
PROGNOSIS
• KONTROL GD – DELAY RETINOPATHY
• RUBEOSIS IRIDIS - IRREVERSIBLE