GAS HYDRATES

THE FUTURE SOURCE OF ENERGY

 World Energy Crisis
• The world is heading towards an
unprecedented large and potentially
devastating global energy crisis due to a
decline in the availability of cheap oil
lead to calls for a decreasing
dependency on fossil fuel.

• With global warming on the radar, the

stakes for finding environmentally clean
sources have been higher.

• One energy source in particular has

captured the attention of the energy Energy consumption & shortfall
sector and has recently surged in
popularity :Gas Hydrates
 Introduction
• Gas hydrate is a solid ice-like form of natural
gas, often methane. A cage of water molecules
that under pressure, and in cold conditions,
confines and concentrates huge amounts of
gas.

Ice that burns

•The amount of carbon in gas hydrates is

more than twice in all the conventional
Structure energy combined.

•Hydrates may contain enough natural gas

• It is seen as a potential unconventional to provide an energy supply assurance for
energy resource. the 21st century.
 Gas Hydrates Stability & Occurrence

• Gas hydrates are stable at low

temperature , high pressure
and where sufficient gas are
present.

• The methane hydrate

formation requirements
restrict the occurrence of
natural gas hydrates to two
types of geologic locations:
I. Under permafrost in the polar
continental shelves
Stability Zone
II. In sediments beneath the ocean
floor
 Gas Hydrate Occurrence Worldwide

•Methane hydrate is known to occur in both terrestrial and marine environments.

•A frequently quoted estimate of the global methane hydrate resource is 20,000

trillion cubic meters.
 Gas Hydrate Potential in India
•According to the latest estimates of the US
Geological Survey, India has the world’s
second largest gas hydrate reserve after
America.

•It has been estimated that India is having

1,890 tcm of methane hydrates.

• In 2016, ONGC has discovered a huge gas

hydrate reserve in the KG basin off the Yellow spots
Andhra Pradesh coast. The reserve is
estimated to be 134 trillion cubic feet, in
terms of yield the discovery turned out to be
four times larger than Reliance Industries
Ltd’s discovery of 2002, India’s biggest
discovery so far.
•A dedicated Gas Hydrate Research & Technology Centre (GHRTC) has been setup
on 14 September 2016 at Panvel (Navi Mumbai).
 Drilling a Gas Hydrate Production Well
Drilling through gas-hydrate-bearing
strata involves a variety of potential
technical and environmental
challenges.
Modifications in drilling procedures and
equipments include:-
• Chilling the drill mud to reduce thermal
disturbance of the formation
• Managing the weight of the drill mud to
achieve sufficient downhole pressure to
stabilize the in situ gas hydrates.
• Using chemical additives in the drill mud to
maintain gas hydrate stability in the Well completion for gas hydrate
formation and prevent gas hydrate production
dissociation in the drill cuttings.
 Gas Hydrates Production Methods
Three primary gas hydrate production concepts have been proposed to date,
all based on the concept of in situ disso-ciation of gas hydrates to release
free gas that can then be delivered to the surface.

• The depressurization technique involves reducing reservoir pressure which

dissociates gas hydrates
• The heating technique to increase the temperature within the reservoir
beyond the localized pressure-temperature threshold for gas hydrate
stability.
• The chemical stimulation technique changes the chemical equilibrium
conditions.
a) Thermal b)Depressurization c)Carbon Dioxide
Injection Injection
 Some Facts
• More energy is stored in methane
hydrates compared to the world’s
oil, coal and gas combined.

• The amount of carbon in hydrate

form is more than twice in all the
conventional energy combined.

• 1 cubic meter of the compound

releases about 168 cubic meter of
gas, making it a highly energy Distribution of Organic Carbon on Earth
intensive fuel.
 Advantages
• It is found abundantly in nature.
• Methane Hydrate is cleaner than all fossil fuels.
Pounds of CO2 emitted per million British thermal units of energy:-

Methane

The amount of energy produced when a fuel is burned, is mainly determined by the
carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) content of fuel. Methane Hydates, which has a higher
energy content relative to other fuels, and thus it has a relatively lower CO2 to energy
content.
• Can be used to fuel vehicles
 Disadvantages
• It is considered to be 20-30 times
more potent as a greenhouse gas
compared to carbon dioxide.
• Methane can be tricky and poses
potential problems that may
exacerbate the global warming
issue.
• It is very dangerous to human
body.
•High enough concentrations
in the air can result in
suffocation of air breathing
creatures.
•It is highly explosive.
 Conclusion
• Potential of gas hydrates is great, but practical development is
far off.

• It is likely to expand under almost all circumstances, as a result

of its availability and its utility

• However, this potential is expected to be limited by geological

factors, reservoir properties, and phase-equilibrium
considerations.

• Even though it is still early to declare with full certainty that Gas
Hydrates will have larger stakes in global energy production in
future years, it is safe to say that it has the potential to promote
a new trend and revolutionize the energy industry.
 THANK YOU
Presented by:
SANDASH AFREEN
Roll No: 1555063
Chemical Engineering (4th Year)
Guided by:
TAPAN KUMAR PARAI sir
&
SANGITA BHATACHARYA ma’am