PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH FLY ASH

PRESENTED BY
Under the guidance of
Asst Proffessor Mr.Maruthi Degalvade
G.SUDHEER (16675A0105)
G.SAGARIKA (16675A0106)
A.ANANDA CHARY (16675A0101)
A.RADHIKA (15671A0113)
CONTENTS

1.Introduction
2.Classification of fly ash
3.Aim & objectives of our study
4.Properties of fresh concrete having fly ash
5.Properties of hard concrete having fly ash
6.Conclusion
INTRODUCTION

 Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash

replaces a part of Portland cement.

 But IS:456 – 2000 and ACI:318 allows replacement of OPC by Fly

ash up to 35% only as binding material.

 Fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or

more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
WHAT IS FLY ASH ?

 Fly ash is a finely divided byproduct resulting from the combustion of

coal in power plants.
 It contains large amounts of silica, alumina and small amount of
unburned carbon, which pollutes environment.
 It is grey in colour and alkaline in nature.
 The particle size ranges between 1-100 microns.
 The specific gravity of fly ash lies between 1.9 and 2.8 (generally 3.15
for Cement)
 The surface area is typically 300–500 m²/kg, although some fly ash can have
a surface area as high as 700 m²/kg( around 330 m²/kg for Cement )
 The mass per unit volume including air between particles ( density ) can vary
from 540 to 860 kg/m³.
CLASSIFICATION OF FLY ASH

• Two classes of fly ash are defined by ASTM C618:

• 1.Class F fly ash
• 2.Class C fly ash

• This classification is based on the chemical composition of fly ash i.e.

the sum of silica, alumina and iron oxide percentages in the , being :
 minimum of 70% for a Class F
 minimum of 50% for a Class C
FLY ASH STRUCTURE OF FLY ASH
AIM & OBJECTIVES OF OUR STUDY

 The main objective of replacement of cement is to increase the strength of

concrete by partial replacement of cement with fly ash.
Specific objectives are:
 To experimentally investigate the strength of concrete with partial
replacement of cement with fly ash and to compare convectional concrete
by conducting,
a) Compressive test
b) Split tensile strength.
 For the proper usage of waste materials.
 Reduce disposal problem by using industrial waste as a concrete
ingredient.
EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE

1. WORKABILITY
2. SETTING TIME, BLEEDING AND SEGREGATION
3. HEAT OF HYDRATION
4. DENSITY
1.WORKABILITY

 The inclusion of fly ash increases the workability as the content of fly ash is increased.
 Generally substitution of portland cement by fly ash reduces the water requirement for
obtaining a given workability.
Reduction in water requirement is mainly due to three mechanisms

 Fly ash gets absorbed on the surface of oppositely charged cement particles
and prevent them from flocculation, releasing large amounts of water,
thereby reducing the water-demand for a given workability.
 The spherical shape and the smooth surface of fly ash particles help to
reduce the interparticle friction and thus facilitate mobility.
 Due to its lower density and higher volume per unit mass, fly ash is a more
efficient void-filler than Portland cement.
Contribution of enhanced workability

 Light weight concrete is easier to pump as pumping requires less energy.

 Improved finishing
 Reduced segregation
 Reduced Bleeding
 Less sand is needed in the mix to produce required workability.
 2. SETTING TIME

 fly ash extends both the initial and final setting time of concrete
 The impact of fly ash on the setting behavior of concrete is dependent on:

1.Composition and quantity of fly ash used

2.Amount of cement
3.Water - to - cementitious material ratio
4.Concrete temperature
 2.BLEEDING AND SEGREGATION

• The inclusion of fly ash in the mixture reduces the bleeding and
segregation.

• Reasons:
 The rate and amount of bleeding decreases due to the reduced water
demand.
 The reduction of bleeding and segregation may be related to the
lubricating effect of the glassy spherical fly ash particles.
3.HEAT OF HYDRATION

 Both the maximum rate of heat evolution and the cumulative heat
evolution decrease with the inclusion of 35% fly ash during the first 72
hours.
 The inclusion of 35% fly ash results in 30% reduction in the cumulative
heat evolution.
 In addition, the time of reaching the maximum rate of heat evolution
delays.
EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON HEAT OF HYDRATION

Source: optimizing-the-use-of-fly-ash-in-concrete – by Michael

Thomas (www.cement.org)
EFFEECT OF FLY ASH ON TEMPERATURE RISE

Source: optimizing-the-use-of-fly-ash-in-concrete – by Michael

Thomas (www.cement.org)
DENSITY

 Inclusion of fly ash in the mixture decreases its density which leads
to reduction in the dead weight of the constructed element.

Reason:
 This reduction in the density could be attributed to the lower specific
gravity of fly ash (1.9 to 2.8) as compared to cement (3.15)
EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON PROPERTIES OF HARDENED
CONCRETE

 Compressive strength
 Tensile strength
COMPRESSIVE STREGTH

6 mixtures were considered , 5 of them with OPC and varying fly ash content,
and 1 control pastes using 100% OPC.

 Conducted using 15%, 20%,25%, 30% and 35% fly ash replacement by
weight of cement
 MIXTURE PROPORTIONS OF THE PASTES

Mix Proportion 1: 1.78 : 2.97

Mix designation Water Cement Fly ash Fine Coarse Test specimen
(liters) (kg/m³) (kg/m³) aggregate aggregate
(kg/m³) (kg/m³) cubes cylinders

N 185 370.0 0 658.6 1099 6 3

S1 185 314.5 55.5 658.6 1099 6 3
S2 185 296.0 74.0 658.6 1099 6 3
S3 185 277.5 92.5 658.6 1099 6 3
S4 185 259.0 111.0 658.6 1099 6 3

S5 185 240.5 129.5 658.6 1099 6 ---

 The cement pastes were prepared in a mechanical mixer
 150-mm cube specimens were cast (3 specimens per age)
 At the age of 24 h, the specimens were demolded and placed in vacuum
sealed plastic bags in a moist room.
IDENTIFICATION OF CUBES & CYLINDERS
Designation Cement % Fly ash % Fine aggregate % Coarse aggregate % No of cubes
N 100 0 100 100 6
S1 85 15 100 100 6
S2 80 20 100 100 6
S3 75 25 100 100 6
S4 70 30 100 100 6
S5 65 35 100 100 6

Designation Cement % Fly ash % Fine aggregate % Coarse aggregate % No of cylinders

N 100 0 100 100 3
S1 85 15 100 100 3
S2 80 20 100 100 3
S3 75 25 100 100 3
S4 70 30 100 100 3
COMPRESSIVE STREGTH GAIN FOR EACH MIX at 7 days & 28 days

Compressive strength (N/mm²)

50
44.6
45

39.2
Compressive strength (N/mm²)

40 37.3 36.7
34.9
35
31.6
30
29.4
24.4 25.1
25
21.5 22.7
20 18.2
15

10

0
N S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

Mix
7th day 28th day
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH GAIN FOR EACH MIX at 28 days

Split tensile strength at 28th day (N/mm²)

4
3.66
Split tensile strength (N/mm²)

3.5

2.85 2.98
3 2.73 2.61
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
N S1 S2 S3 S4

Mix
28th day
COST ANALYSIS

Price vs Mix
22
21.51
21.5

21
Price per one cube

20.5 20.2
20 19.76
19.5 19.31
19
18.88
18.45
18.5

18

17.5

17

16.5
N S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

Mix
FLY ASH CONCRETE CONVENSIONAL CONCRETE
C CONCRETE

 Less energy intensive manufacture

 Energy intensive manufacturing
 Higher ultimate strength
 Weaker ultimate strength
 More durable  Less durable

 Uses a waste by-product  Uses virgin material

 More global warming gases created
 Less global warming gases created
 CONCLUSION

 Use of fly ash concrete in construction is one big step in natural resource
conservation and it needs to be promoted all over the world.
 In fact, we can call fly ash concrete as a green concrete, since it can protect
the environment from global warming and at the same time from pollution.
 35% fly ash replacement showed maximum workability. The workability of
concrete had been found to decrease after 40% in concrete.
 Among different mixes of concrete 25% showed maximum compressive
strength at later ages.
 Maximum split tensile strength is obtained for S3 mix which is 25%
replacement of cement.
 The cost analysis indicates that percent of cement reduction decrease the cost
of concrete, but at the same time strength also increases.
 Clearly there is no one replacement level best suited for all applications.

The inclusion of fly ash in the mixture causes :

 Reduced the heat of hydration, bleeding, segregation, density, but increased

w workability ,setting time & durability of concrete
 Decreased the strength especially at early ages with increasing fly ash content.
 REFERENCES

• 1. T.G.S Kiran, and M.K.M.V Ratnam, (2014), A study on Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in
Concrete and Durability Study of Fly Ash in Acidic (H2SO4) Environment, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Development e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, Volume 10, Issue 12.
2. Aman Jatale, Kartiey Tiwari, Sahil Khandelwal (2013), A study on Effects on Compressive Strength When
Cement is Partially Replaced by Fly Ash, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-
ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 5, Issue 4.
3. Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitrod, Dr. L.B.Zala, Dr.F.S.Umrigar, (2012) A study on Experimental investigations on
partial Replacement of cement with fly ash in design Mix concrete, International Journal of Advanced
Engineering Technology, Vol.III E-ISSN 0976-3945.
4. Malhotra V.M. and A.A. Ramezanianpour, (1994), A study on Fly Ash In Concrete, published by Canadian
centre for mineral and energy technology (CANMET).
5. Berry. E.E., and Malhotra, V.M., "Fly Ash for Use in Concrete--A Critical Review,"· Journal of the American
Concrete Institute, Proceedings, Vol. 77, N~ 2~arch-April 1980.
6. IS: 456-2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete- Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2000.
7. IS: 10262-2009- Recommended guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
THANK YOU