3.

2 The Blood Circulatory

System

Blood Circulatory System of

Vertebrates
Blood circulatory system for vertebrate animals
Fish
 BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Artery Heart
carries blood pump the
away from the blood to the
heart whole body
aorta is the
largest artery

Vein
Blood
capillary carries
blood to the
connects heart
artery to the vena cava is
vein the largest
vein
 The Heart

The heart is a muscular organ which

contracts and relaxes continuously to
pump blood to the whole body.
 Topic 2 Blood Circulation And Transport
Transport System In Humans
The Circulatory System

Human have closed blood circulatory system.

Blood flows in closed blood vessels and the

exchange of substances like gas and food
takes place through the walls of the
capillaries.

The functions of the transport system :

 To transport nutrients, oxygen and water

to the body cells.
 To transport carbon dioxide and waste
from the body cells.
 To bring hormones to target body cells.

ITeach – Science Form 3

 Aorta

Vena Cava Aorta

Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Artery
Semilunar valve
Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary
Right Atrium Vein
Left Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Left Ventricle Bicuspid Valve

Right Ventricle

Vena Cava
Septum
Structure of the heart
To head
Aorta and body
From head To lungs
and body Pulmonary artery
Semilunar
From lungs
valve
Pulmonary vein
Vena cava Left atrium

Right atrium Bicuspid valve

Tricuspid Left ventricle

valve
Septum
Right ventricle
 Topic 2 Blood Circulation And Transport
Transport System In Humans
Structure Of The Human Heart

Vena cava
Carries deoxygenated blood
Aorta
from the cells to the heart.
Transports oxygenated
blood to all parts of the
body.
Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery
Carries oxygenated blood Transports deoxygenated
from the lungs to the heart. blood from the heart to the
lungs.

Right atrium
Contains deoxygenated Left atrium
blood. Contains oxygenated
blood
Tricuspid valve
To avoid back flow from
right ventricle to right Left ventricle
atrium. Pumps oxygenated blood
Right ventricle to all parts of the body
Septum
Pumps deoxygenated except the lungs.
Separates the left and the
blood from the heart to the right chamber of the heart.
lungs.
ITeach – Science Form 3
 Topic 2 Blood Circulation And Transport

aorta

right atrium left atrium

left ventricle
right ventricle

ITeach – Science Form 3

 Topic 2 Blood Circulation And Transport
Transport System In Humans

Blood Circulation Trough

The Heart

ITeach – Science Form 3

 anterior vena cava arch of aorta

trunk of
Heart Anatomy pulmonary
arteries
left semilunar
right semilunar valve valve

right pulmonary veins left pulmonary

veins
left atrium
right atrium
bicuspid valve
tricuspid valve

right ventricle left ventricle

endothelium and
posterior vena connective tissue
cava inner layer of
pericardium
septum
heart’s
myocardium apex
The valve in the heart:
a)Bicuspid valve : separates the left atrium
from the left ventricles,
b)Tricuspid valve : separates the right
atrium from the right ventricle
c)Semilunar valve : are located at the
beginning of the aorta and the
pulmonary vein

Function of valve:
•Prevent the backflow of blood
• Ensure that the direction of the flow of
blood in one direction only.
 Topic 2 Blood Circulation And Transport
Transport System In Humans

The Contraction And

Relaxation Of The Heart

The ventricles The atria relax and

The atria contract
contract and force blood flows into the
and push the blood
the blood into the atria through the
into the ventricles
arteries veins

ITeach – Science Form 3

Structure and Function of
Blood Vessel

Blood capillaries

Artery Vein
 Topic 2 Blood Circulation And Transport
Transport System In Humans

Blood Vessels

Vein Artery

Capillary

Deoxygenated Oxygenated
blood blood

ITeach – Science Form 3

 Blood vessels and their function

Direction of
Blood capillary blood flow
Artery Valve
opens

Vein
Blood Blood Valve close
enters flows out to prevent backflow
of blood
(a)Capillary joins artery and (b) Action of semilunar valve
vein at the wall of the vein

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 Blood Vessels
Characteris Artery Vein Blood
tic Capillary
Cross
section lumen lumen lumen

Lumen size Medium Wide Narrow

Wall Thick, Thin, less One-cell

muscular and muscular thick
elastic and less
elastic
Characteristic Artery Vein Blood
Capillary
Direction of Away from To the heart From artery to
blood flow heart vein

Blood High Medium Low

pressure

Type of blood Oxygenate Deoxygenate Oxygenated

being carried d blood d blood blood
(except (except for from the
for the the artery and
pulmonary pulmonary deoxygenate
artery) vein) d blood to
the vein
Path of blood flow in the circulatory system

Head
and neck
Artery Hands
Pulmonary Pulmonary
Lungs vein
artery
Heart
Vena Aorta
Vein cava
Heart
Liver

Stomach and
intestine
Kidneys
Deoxygenated blood
Legs
Oxygenated blood

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 Circulatory System in Human

Humans have a double circulatory system

A double circulatory system consists of :
1) pulmonary circulation
2) systemic circulation
The blood passes through the heart twice
for each circuit of the body
 BLOOD CIRCULATION
Type of blood circulation

Pulmonary Systemic
circulation circulation
Pulmonary circulation consists of blood
vessels that transport deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs to be
oxidised and returns oxygenated blood
to the heart

Heart Lungs Heart

Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein
Systemic circulation consists of aorta and
all the branches (arteries) that transport
oxygenated blood to the body tissues
and returns deoxygenated blood to the
heart.

Heart Body tissues Heart

Artery Vein
 Topic 2 Blood Circulation And Transport
Transport System In Humans
The Path Of Blood Flow In
The Circulatory System

Pulmonary
circulation
Humans have double blood
Heart circulatory system

Arteries
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic
circulation
Veins Systemic circulation

Capillaries

ITeach – Science Form 3

 The Heartbeat

When our heart is beating, the sound ‘lub

dub’ is produced. The ‘lub dub’ sound can
usually be heard using a stethoscope.
‘Lub dub’ sound is produced by the closing
of valves in the heart.
The “dub” sound is produced by the closing
of the semilunar valves in the aorta and
pulmonary arteries (diastole).
The reading of blood pressure that flows
and fills the heart is called diastolic pressure
reading.
The “lub” sound is produced by the closing
of tricuspid and bicuspid valves between
the atrium and the ventricle (sistole).
The reading of blood pressure that flows out
of the heart is called systolic pressure
reading.
 Cardiac cycle

Is the series of events that occur during

one complete heartbeat, includes :
1) contraction (systole)
2) relaxation (diastole)
Average : 72 heartbeats per minute
1 cycle : 0.8 second
 Regulatory Mechanism of Blood
Pressure
Blood pressure : the force of the blood
exerted on the walls of the arterial blood
vessels
Arterial blood pressure :
- highest during systole
- lowest during diastole
Blood pressure reading :
x/y mm Hg
- x is the magnitude of systolic reading
- y is the magnitude of diastolic reading
Blood pressure readings usually taken
using a sphygmomanometer based on
hearing the ‘lub dub’ sound produced
by the closing of valves during the
occurrence of systole and diastole
Normal bp :120/80 mm Hg
systolic pressure = 120 mm Hg
diastolic pressure = 80 mm Hg
Sphygmomanometer
Digital sphygmomanometer is easier to
use for measuring blood pressure
 Pulse Rate

Pulse rate is produced by shrinkage and

relaxation of the muscular wall of the
arteries.
Physical activities, gender, age and
health condition affect the rate of pulse