Ultraviolet (UV) Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy
means
Spectra + scopy

spectrum study

Types
UV spectroscopy
IR spectroscopy
VISIBLE spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy
MASS spectroscopy
From where spectrom arise ?
 RANGES
UV wavelength 2000 Aº - 4000 Aº

2000 Aº – 4000 Aº near uv region

Below 2000 Aº vaecum uv region
 Principle
Unstable Less
stable

Singlet excited Triplet excited

state state

Ground state
(Material) Stable

UV Radiation
 Types of transition
σ*
Unoccupied
Energy Levels
π *

Increasing energy
n
Occupied
π
Energy
Levels
σ
UV

Electronic excitation energies

σ – σ* > n – σ* > π – π* > n – π*
 Ultraviolet (UV) Spectroscopy
Instrumentation

The recorder assembly

The spectrometer itself – this houses the

lamps, mirrors, prisms and detector. The
spectrometer splits the beam of radiation into
two and passes one through a sample and one
through a reference solution (that is always
made up of the solvent in which you have
dissolved the sample). The detector measures
the difference between the sample and
reference readings and communicates this to
the recorder.
The samples are dissolved in a solvent which is transparent to UV light and put into sample cells called cuvettes.
The cells themselves also have to be transparent to UV light and are accurately made in all dimensions. They are
normally designed to allow the radiation to pass through the sample over a distance of 1cm.
Law involves in uv spectroscopy

 Beer law
 Lambert law
TRANSITION PROBABILITY
1. Allowed transtition
2. Forbiden transition
 SOLVENT USED
 Water
 Ethanol
 Methanol
 Hexane
 Diethyl ether
 Cyclohexane
 Benzene
 chloroform
 Application
 Detection of impurity
 Structure elucidation of organic compounds
 Quantitative analysis
 Determination of chemical kinetics
 Determination of keto enol tautomerism