Bhatia’s Battery of

Performance Tests of
Intelligence
M.Phil, 1st Year,
14th July 2017

Rajkumari P. Reddy
Historical Background
First attempt of scientific
intelligent testing was
developed in 1922 by Dr. C. H.
Rice (primarily for children)
In 1939 Dr. Kamat revised the
Binet Test
In 1942 Dr. Sohan Lall
constructed & standardized
verbal intelligence test
Only on 1940’s intelligence test
gained momentum
Historical Background
There were certain difficulties
faced in developing an
intelligence tests
- ie urban, rural, literate, illiterate,
gender etc
1942, Dr. Bhatia decided to
develop a test which would take
above factors into consideration
He also felt that a suitable
intelligence test should test the
fundamentals
Fundamental concepts
Synthetic – capacity of a living
organism to construct out of
mental elements & fragmentary
experiences, concepts & notions
of a higher order
Analytic – capacity for
observing or discovering parts or
differences in objects or qualities
which themselves seem unitary
Fundamental concepts
 The power to grasp relations or
capacity for abstraction under
appropriate circumstances together
with & through the medium of other
cognitive activities that are natural
to the social & cultural environment
 He also took into consideration of
“g” factor
 Thus a comprehensive battery of
performance test of intelligence
was developed
 Principles of construction of battery
 To exercise the powers of analysis & synthesis of
the subject to the maximum. Limited number of
suitable & graded test have been brought
together
 Test are varied as possible, ie., problems involving
discrimination of patterns in connection with
concrete material (Koh’s Test) & discrimination in
connection with movement of concrete material
(pass along test) discrimination in terms of picture
parts (picture construction) & analysis in terms of
lines (pattern drawing)
 Immediate memory test was also included since it
was possible to administer to illiterates
Koh’s Block Design Test
Originally given by Kohs,
17 designs out of which only
10 designs were taken
This test measures analytic
synthetic abilities,
discrimination of patterns in
connection with concrete
material, visuo- constructive
abilities
Good measure of “g “ factor
Alexander’s Passalong Test
Developed by Alexander, out
of the 9 subtest only 8 were
taken
This test measures
discrimination in connection
with movement of concrete
material
Good measure of g” factor
Pattern Drawing Test
Developed by Bhatia
There are 8 diagrams
This test measures visuo –
spatial abilities, manipulation
of lines
Good test of “g” factor
Immediate memory

Digit forward
Digit backward
Only verbal test
Measures immediate memory
Picture Contrcution Test

Developed by Bhatia
There are 5 sub tests
This test measures visual
integration, & discrimination in
terms of picture parts
Sample

 1400 subjects out of which 1154 were utilized

for analysis
 642 – literates
 512- illiterates
 Age – 11- 16 years
 Year – 1945 – 1949
 Reliability (Teachers Literate : 0.851, illiterate:
0.841)
 Validity (Villagers, Literate : 0.703, illiterate:
0717)
Koh’s Scoring

First 5 designs
2 marks within a minute
1 mark between 1 -2 minutes
0 mark for failure
Designs 6 – 10
3 marks within a minute
2 marks between 1 -2 minutes
1 mark for 2- 3 min
Passalong Test
 First 4 sub tests
 2 marks within a minute
 1 mark between 1 -2 minutes
 0 mark for failure
 Last 4 sub tests 6 – 10
 3 marks within a minute
 2 marks between 1 -2 minutes
 1 mark for failure
 0 mark failure
 Maximum score: 20
Pattern drawing Test
First 4 sub tests
2 marks within a minute
1 mark between 1 -2 minutes
0 mark for failure
Last 4 sub tests 6 – 10
3 marks within a minute
2 marks between 1 -2 minutes
1 mark for failure
0 mark failure
Maximum score: 20
Immediate memory

One mark each for the

number in the maximum
correct reproduction
Maximum score –
Digit Forward : 9 , Digit
Backward : 6
 Picture Construction
 Pictures 1- 3
 2 marks within a minute
 1 mark between 1 -2 minutes
 0 mark for failure
 Pictures 4 - 5
 3 marks within a minute
 2 marks between 1 -2 minutes
 1 mark for failure
 0 mark failure
 4 & 5 credit is addition to that earned according to the above
schedule
 Picture 4, one mark (6/8 parts); Picture 5, two marks (9 / 12)
one mark for 6 / 12 parts put together within time limit
 Maximum score: 15
 Maximum possible score for battery : 95
Short Scale
The Revised Bhatia’s Short
Battery of Performance Tests of
Intelligence for Adults (Verma,
Pershad, Malhotra & Arunima,
1988)
Koh’s Block Design Test & Pass
Along Test
Raw scores obtained on both
the tests are converted into
weighted scores
Sum of weighted scores is
multiplied by 2.5 to get an
estimated IQ
Key Points of Bhatia
Test is not to rule out Retardation
Score begins with 70
Scatter - Inter Scatter, Intra Scatter
Behavioral Observation
IQ/ PQ
Norms available for literates &
literates
Thank you