Design of Heat Exchangers

Steps of Heat Exchangers Deign:

1- Heat Balance:
Q=w cp ∆t = W Cp ∆T = UD Ao ∆tm
2- Get UD
i- given range
ii- Table 8, p.840 (Kern)
 3- From the fluid temperatures get LMTD
∆𝐭 𝐛 −∆𝐭 𝐚 T1
LMTD= ∆𝐭 𝐛 ∆𝐭 𝐚
𝐥𝐧 T2
∆𝐭 𝐚 t2
t1 ∆𝐭 𝐛
Assuming Ft =1(Double Pipe H.Ex.),
∆tm= LMTD Countercurrent Flow

4- Calculate the Area of heat transfer, Ao

Ao=UD.∆Qtm

If the area of heat transfer is less than 200 ft2 then a double pipe
heat exchanger will be used, if not, recalculte ∆tm
∆tm= Ft LMTD T1

𝐰𝐜𝐩 𝐓 −𝐓 𝐅𝐚𝐥𝐥 T2
R=heat capacity ratio= = 𝟏 𝟐 = t2
𝐖𝐂𝐩 𝐭 𝟐 −𝐭 𝟏 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞
t1
𝐭 𝟐 −𝐭 𝟏 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞
S=heating effectiveness= =
𝐓𝟏 −𝐭 𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐱 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞
Countercurrent Flow
5- From figure 18 (Kern), get Ft
If Ft<0.8…
1-2 or more H.Ex. are refused
R
From figure 19 (Kern), get Ft

If Ft<0.85-0.9…
R 2-4 or more H.Ex. are refused
From figure 20 (Kern), get Ft

If Ft<0.85-0.9…
R 3-6 or more H.Ex. are refused
6- Choose the type of the heat exchanger
7- Recalculate the Area of heat transfer, Ao
Ao=UD.∆Qtm =𝝅 do l Nt
8- Choose the tube outside diameter, do , length, l and the pitch
and tubes layout
9- Calculate the number of tubes Nt
10- From table 9, p. 841, (Kern), get the Standard Number of
Tubes, Nts
11- From Nts , choose the
Actual number of Tube passes,
n , and the inside diameter of
the Shell, IDs..
• For example, if 1-2 or more
H.Ex. was selected and if the
Nt was 205 tubes, You might
choose the standard number
of tubes, Nts either 220 (with
2 tubes passes and IDs 19 ¼
“) or 246 (with 4 tubes passes
and IDs 21 ¼ “)
12- From Nts , Recalculate the
Area of heat transfer, Ao
Aonew=𝝅 do l Nts
Q
13- Recalculate UDnew=A𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐰.∆ tm
 𝟏 1 1
13- Calculate UC 𝐔𝐜
=
𝐡𝐢𝐨
+
𝐡𝐨
Tube Side Shell Side
1- tb or tc 1- Tb or Tc
2- get the physical properties 2- get the physical properties
𝜋 2 𝑁𝑡 𝐶′ 1
3- 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑑𝑖 3- 𝑎𝑠 = 𝐼𝐷𝑠 𝐵
4 𝑛 𝑃𝑡 𝑚
𝑤 𝑊
4- 𝐺 = = 𝜌𝑣 4- 𝐺 = = 𝜌𝑣
𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠
5- 𝐷𝑒 = 𝑑𝑖 5- 𝐷𝑒=(triangular or square)
𝐺𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝐷𝑒
6- 𝑅𝑒 = 6- 𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇 𝜇
𝜇𝐶𝑝 𝜇𝐶𝑝
7- 𝑃𝑟 = 7- 𝑃𝑟 =
𝐾 𝐾

8- 𝐽𝐻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕(𝑅𝑒)𝟎.𝟖 8- 𝐽𝐻 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔(𝑅𝑒)𝟎.𝟓𝟓
1 1
𝐾 𝐾
9- ℎ𝑖 = 𝐽𝐻 𝑃𝑟 3 𝜑𝜇 0.14
𝐷𝑒
9- ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 𝑃𝑟 3 𝜑𝜇 0.14
𝐷𝑒

10- ℎ𝑖𝑜 = ℎ𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑖

𝑜
 1 1
14- Calculate 𝑹′𝒅 𝑪𝒂𝒍 = 𝐔 − 𝐔
𝑫 𝐂

I𝐟 𝑹′𝒅 𝑪𝒂𝒍 < 𝑹′𝒅 𝒂𝒍𝒍

Decrease UD Increase UC

Increase IDs
Increase n Decrease B
𝟏 𝟎.𝟓
hio 𝜶 𝐧𝟎.𝟖 (Turbulent) ho 𝜶
𝑩
hio 𝜶 𝐧𝟎.𝟑𝟑 (laminar)
∆𝐏𝐭 𝛂 𝐧𝟑 𝟏 𝟎.𝟑𝟑
∆𝐏𝒔 𝜶
𝑩