Chapter 4

The Structure of
the Government:
the Executive
Branch

Public Administration
Organizational chart
of the government
 Based on the constitution we
have three branches for the
structure of the government
Legislative; Judicial; & Executive

The Constitution

Legislative Judicial
Branch Branch
Executive
Branch

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Legislative Branch
 Used to be Bi-cameral parliament
now it is Uni-cameral (i.e. one
legislation chamber)
 People’s Assembly ‫شعب‬
( ‫)مجلسااال‬
 Principal legislative body
 Control of cabinet & public sector
 Central Auditing Organization reports to it.
 Approve public budget and plan
 Shura Council – now cancelled:
 Drafts, and plans for social and economic
development.
 Bills referred by the President of the
Republic.
 matters relating to general policy or
international issues

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Judicial Branch

 Supreme constitutional court of

Egypt
 Court of Cassation (‫)محكمة االانقض‬

 Court of Appeal ‫سإتئناف‬

( ‫)ااال‬
 Court of First Instance (‫)محكمة إبتدائية‬

 Family Court (Islamic; Christian; &

secular)
 Public Prosecution (‫)ااالنيابة ااالع امة‬

 Administrative judiciary (‫ااالقضاء‬

‫)ااالداري‬
 State Lawsuits Authority (‫اياضق ةئيهيئة قااضايا‬

‫)ااالدولة‬

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Executive Branch

 Central Administration
 Elected president (which has an
executive office)
 Cabinet (Council; ministries;
committees)
 Central advisory agencies
 Local government
 Public sector and public
authorities

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Central
Administration
 The president – Head of the state
 Executive office & Consultative
bodies of the president
 Assistants & consultants
 Specialized national councils (‫ااالمجااالس‬
‫)ااالقومية ااالمتخصصة‬
 Cabinet of Egypt (‫)مجلسااالوزراء‬
 Prime minster & Cabinet Ministries
 Ministerial committees

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Central
Administration …con
 Central consultative
organizations
 State Council (‫)مجلسااالدولة‬: consultant
for legal, legislative, and
administrative problems.
 Administrative prosecution (‫ااالنيابة‬
‫)ااالدارية‬: investigating work problems
and disciplinary decisions in the
government & public sector.
 Central organizations for statistics
 Administrative control organization
 Central organization for
organization and management

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Local Government
 Governance for specific geographic
areas
 Has local authority
 Independent budget
 Local executive organizations
 Controlled by the central government
thru:
 The legislation bodies control (people’s
assembly)
 Judiciary branch (especially the
administrative judiciary)
 Executive branch control: ministries,
governmental agencies and
organizations (ex: COA; ‫ااالتنظيم وااالدارة‬

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Local government …
con
 Why applying local government
systems?
 A democratic way of governance
 Encourage, raise & train local leaders
 A way for decreasing the complexity of
problems and at the central level of
government
 Better social, political, & economical
development
 Better consideration for the local
attributes
 Fairer taxation systems
 Better responsiveness to citizens
 Facilitate more effective & efficient
administration

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Local government
levels & units

 Governorates ‫)محافظات‬
(
 Centers
 Cities
 Districts ‫أحياء‬
 Villages

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 Local government …
con
 Governorate administration
 Governorate local council (‫ااالمجلسااالمحلي‬
‫)لاالمحافظة‬
 The governor (‫)ااالمحافظ‬
 Governorate general secretary (‫ااالسإكرتير‬
‫)ااالع ام لاالمحافظة‬
 Governorate executive council (‫ااالمجلس‬
‫)ااالتنفيذيلاالمحافظة‬
 Centre administration
 Center’s people local council (‫ااالمجلسااالشعبي‬
‫)ااالمحليلاالمركز‬
 Head of the center (‫)رئيسااالمركز‬
 Center executive council ‫ي‬ ( ‫ااالمجلسااالتنفيذ‬
‫)لاالمركز‬

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Local government …
con
 Cities Administration
 City’s people local council (‫ااالمجلس‬
‫)ااالشعبيااالمحليلاالمدينة‬
 Head of the City (‫)رئيسااالمدينة‬
 City executive council ‫ي‬ ( ‫ااالمجلسااالتنفيذ‬
‫)لاالمدينة‬
 Big cities may be divided into
districts and have their own
administration bodies
 Villages administration
 Head of the village
 Village local council

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Local government …
con
 Regional planning commission
(‫ااالقاااليم ااالقتصادية واياضق ةئيهيئاتااالتخطيط‬
‫)ااالقليمي‬
 Supreme council of local

government
‫ي‬
( ‫)ااالمجلسااالعألىلاالحكم ااالمحل‬
 Secretary general for local

government
‫ي‬
( ‫)ااالمانة ااالع امة لاالحكم ااالمحل‬
 Village building & development

organization
(‫)جهاز باااناء وتنمية ااالقرية‬

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Local government …
con
 Problems with local government
 Government in Egypt still
centralized
 Reporting relationships still
ambiguous between central & local
government
 Lack of awareness of public
participation
 Lack of political, administrative, &
technical expertise

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Local government
Success factors …
 Better legislations to precisely
specify its authorities and
responsibilities
 Build more enthusiasm for local
government
 Cultivating better democratic
environment
 Delegating more powers to local
authorities
 Designing more efficient control
system
 Designing better system for
technical & administrative services

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 Public sector &
public authorities
 Public authorities: for managing public

utilities or for offering public services

such as railway, transportation, …etc.
 Public business sector – main problems
 Negatively influenced by social and
employment problems in Egypt
 Suffer from inability to renew its investments
 Has lots of financial problems
 Inability to compete without the support of the
government
 Always require reform programs

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