fundamentals of

Human Resource Management

CHAPTER 03
Job Analysis
 What Do I Need to Know?

1. Summarize the elements of work flow analysis.

2. Describe how work flow is related to an
organization’s structure.
3. Define the elements of a job analysis, and
discuss their significance in human resource
management.
4. Tell how to obtain information for a job
analysis.

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 What Do I Need to Know? (continued)

5. Summarize recent trends in job analysis.

6. Describe methods for designing a job so that it
can be done efficiently.
7. Identify approaches to designing a job to make
it motivating.

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 Some related definitions
(Tasks)

(Positions)

(Jobs)

(Occupation)
 Work Flow In Organizations

Work Flow
Position Job
Design
• The process • The set of • A set of
of analyzing tasks/duties (job) related tasks/
tasks performed by duties
necessary for a particular
the person.
production of
a product or
service.

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 Job Analysis Menu

• Refer to job activities/tasks – what

Job content workers actually do on the job.

• Refer to the conditions under which

Job context a person’s job is performed.

Worker • Refer to the qualifications a worker

requirements needs to perform a particular job
successfully.
 Job
Job Analysis
The process of
Analysis
getting detailed
information about
jobs Job
Descriptions

Job
Specifications

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 Job Descriptions

•Job Description: a list of tasks, duties, and

responsibilities (TDRs) that a particular job
entails.
• Key components:
- Job Title
- Brief description of the TDRs
- List of the essential duties with detailed
specifications of the tasks involved in carrying out
each duty

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Figure 4.2: Sample Job Description

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 Job Specifications
•Job Specification: a list of the knowledge, skills,
abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) that an
individual must have to perform a particular job.
- Knowledge: factual or procedural information necessary
for successfully performing a task.
- Skill: an individual’s level of proficiency at performing a
particular task.
- Ability: a more general enduring capability that an
individual possesses.
-Other Characteristics: job‐related licensing, other
certifications, or personality traits.

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Figure 4.3: Sample Job Specifications

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Methods to collect Job Information

Observation

Interview

Questionnaires

Job Diaries
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 Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)

What is it? Key sections:

• A standardized job 1. Information input
analysis questionnaire 2 Mental processes
containing 194 questions
3. Work output
about work behaviors,
work conditions, and job 4 Relationships with other
characteristics that apply persons
to a wide variety of jobs. 5. Job context
6. Other characteristics

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 Test Your Knowledge

•Which of the following jobs would lend

themselves the best to the observation
method of collecting job information:
A. Financial analyst
B. Bakery chef
C. Administrative assistant
D. CEO

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 Importance of Job Analysis
• Job analysis is so • Work redesign
important to HR
• Human resource
managers that it has
been called the building planning
block of all HRM • Selection
functions. • Training
• Almost every HRM
• Performance appraisal
program requires some
type of information • Career planning

determined by job • Job evaluation

analysis:

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 Job Design

• Job Design: the process of defining how work

will be performed and what tasks will be
required in a given job.
• Job Redesign: a similar process that involves
changing an existing job design.
• To design jobs effectively, a person must
thoroughly understand:
- the job itself (through job analysis) and
- its place in the units work flow (work flow analysis)

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Figure 4.5: Approaches to Job Design

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Figure 4.6:
Characteristics of a Motivating Job

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 Summary

• Work flow analysis identifies:

- the amount and quality of a work unit’s outputs
- the work processes required to produce these outputs
- the inputs used to carry out the processes and produce the
outputs
• Within an organization, units and individuals must
cooperate to create outputs, and the organization’s
structure brings people together for this purpose.
• Job analysis is the process of getting detailed
information about jobs.

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 Summary (continued)

• Job analysis includes preparation of :

- Job descriptions
- Job specifications
•Information for analyzing an existing job often comes
from incumbents and their supervisors.

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