TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ANIMALS

OBJECTIVES

• Need for transport system in Animals

• Describe the circulatory system as a system of blood vessels
• Describe the single circulation in fish
• Describe the double circulation in animals
• Explain the advantages of a double circulation
OBJECTIVES

• Identify the structure of the heart

• Functioning of the heart
• Measuring Pulse rate
 NEED FOR A TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• Multicellular organisms like human are made up of billions of cells..

• Most of these cells lie deep inside the body of the organism.
• Nutrients and oxygen need to reach each cell in the body to support life of the
cells.
• A transport system ensures that substances are transported fast enough
throughout the organism.
SINGLE CIRCULATION - FISH
SINGLE CIRCULATION- FISH

▪ Simplest circulatory systems of all vertebrates.

▪ A heart, consisting of one atrium (collecting chamber) and one ventricle (ejection
chamber), sends blood to the gills where it is oxygenated. The blood then flows to all
the parts of the body before returning to the heart.
▪ The blood goes through the heart once for each complete circulation of the body.
▪ This system is inefficient because blood pressure is lost when the blood passes through
capillaries in the gills.
DOUBLE CIRCULATION OF MAMMALS
DOUBLE CIRCULATION IN MAMMALS

▪ The blood passes twice through the heart during one complete circuit.
▪ The circulation through the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and circulation
around the rest of the body (systemic circulation)
▪ Advantage:
▪ maintains high blood pressure to all the major organs of the body
▪ More efficient system
•Worksheet on single and
double circulation
• Discuss with your shoulder partners
STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
• Video – structure of the heart
• http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/labelling_interactives/1-label-the-heart
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tUWOF6wEnk&t=14s
•Worksheets on the structure of
the heart
• Discuss with face and shoulder partners
STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

• The heart is divided into four chambers consisting of two atria and two ventricles
• the atria receive blood, while the ventricles pump blood.
• The right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas
• The blood then moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs.
• The left atrium receives blood from the lungs and passes it to the left ventricle.
• The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta which then carries it to the rest of the
body through smaller arteries.
•Worksheet on the functions of
the heart
• Discuss with face and shoulder partners
Labels Description

Vena cava Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Semilunar valve Flaps that prevent backflow of blood

Left atrium Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Left ventricle Region of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the
body
Pulmonary artery Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from right
ventricle
Right ventricle Region of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to
the lungs
Pulmonary vein Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Right atrium Segment of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood

from vena cava
Aorta The main artery carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of
the body
VALVES OF THE HEART
VALVES OF THE HEART

• Within the heart there are many valves to prevent the blood flowing
backwards.

▪ Tricuspid valve (between right atrium-ventricle), 3 flaps

▪ Bicuspid or mitral valve (between left atrium-ventricle), 2 flaps
▪ Semilunar valves (half-moon shaped valves in Aorta and Pulmonary arteries)
• The valves are attached to the cardiac muscle via tendons
VALVES OF THE HEART
PULSE RATE
PULSE RATE

• Ripple ofpressure that passes down an artery as a result of a heartbeat

can be felt as a “pulse”
▪ You can feel the pulse in:
▪ radial artery on the wrist
▪ carotid artery in the neck
▪ A normal resting heart rate for
adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per
minute. For ages 12-15 it ranges from 70 100 beats per minute.
• Measure the pulse rate in the group and record
• Round robin
PULSE RATE

• The pulse is counted to:

• See how well the heart is working. In an emergency situation, the pulse rate can help
find out if the heart is pumping enough blood.
• Help find the cause of symptoms, such as an irregular or rapid heartbeat, dizziness,
fainting, chest pain, or shortness of breath.
• Check for blood flow after an injury or when a blood vessel may be blocked.
• Check on medicines or diseases that cause a slow heart rate.
• Check general health and fitness level.
• Review the slides and the work sheets given to you.
• Complete the work sheet.