Direct Broadcast Satellite

• direct broadcast satellite
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-direct-broadcast-satellite-toolkit.html
Communications satellite Television
1 As television became the main market, its

demand for simultaneous delivery of
relatively few signals of large bandwidth to
many receivers being a more precise
match for the capabilities of
geosynchronous comsats. Two satellite
types are used for North American
television and radio: Direct broadcast
satellite (DBS), and Fixed Service Satellite
(FSS)
Communications satellite Television
1 A direct broadcast satellite is a

communications satellite that transmits to
small DBS satellite dishes (usually 18 to 24
inches or 45 to 60 cm in diameter). Direct
broadcast satellites generally operate in the
upper portion of the microwave Ku band.
DBS technology is used for DTH-oriented
(Direct-To-Home) satellite TV services, such
as DirecTV and DISH Network in the United
States, Bell TV and Shaw Direct in Canada,
Freesat and Sky in the UK, Ireland, and New
Zealand and DSTV in South Africa.
Digital rights management - DRM on purpose-built hardware
1A common real-world example can be

found in commercial direct broadcast
satellite television systems such as
DirecTV and Malaysia's Astro. The
company uses tamper-resistant smart
cards to store decryption keys so that
they are hidden from the user and the
satellite receiver. However, the system has
been compromised in the past, and
DirecTV has been forced to roll out
periodic updates and replacements for its
smart cards.
Federal Communications Commission - Bureaus
1 The Media Bureau (MB) develops,

recommends and administers the policy
and licensing programs relating to
electronic media, including cable
television, broadcast television, and radio
in the United States and its territories. The
Media Bureau also handles post-licensing
matters regarding direct broadcast satellite
service.
Modem - Radio modems
1 Direct broadcast satellite, WiFi, and

mobile phones all use modems to
communicate, as do most other wireless
services today. Modern
telecommunications and data networks
also make extensive use of radio
modems where long distance data links
are required. Such systems are an
important part of the PSTN, and are also
in common use for high-speed computer
network links to outlying areas where
fibre is not economical.
RCA - Diversification
1 This lab developed many innovations,

such as color television, the electron
microscope, CMOS-based technology,
heterojunction physics, optoelectronic
emitting devices, liquid crystal
displays (LCDs), videocassette
recorders, direct broadcast television,
direct broadcast satellite systems and
high-definition television
HomePNA - Overview
1 This technology, which provides features

such as guaranteed quality of service
(QoS), is used by service providers for
commercial "triple play" (video, voice and
data) service offerings.[which?] HomePNA
3.1 uses frequencies above those used for
Digital Subscriber Line and analog voice
calls over phone wires and below those
used for broadcast and direct broadcast
satellite (DBS) TV over coax so it can
coexist with those services on the same
wires.
Multichannel video programming distributor
1 Section 602 (13) of The Communications Act

of 1934 (as amended by the
Telecommunications Act of 1996) defines an
MVPD asa person such as, but not limited to,
a cable operator, a multichannel multipoint
distribution service, a direct broadcast
satellite service, or a television receive-only
satellite program distributor, who makes
available for purchase, by subscribers or
customers, multiple TV channel|channels of
TV|video programming., Retrieved on 2009-
07-16.
TiVo - History and development
1 The original TiVo DVR digitized and

compressed analog video from any
source (antenna, cable or direct
broadcast satellite). TiVo also
integrates its DVR service into the set-
top boxes of satellite and cable
providers. In late 2000, Philips
Electronics introduced the DSR6000,
the first DirecTV receiver with an
integrated TiVo DVR. This new device,
nicknamed the DirecTiVo, stored
digital signals sent from DirecTV
High-definition television - Contemporary systems
1 High-definition image sources include

Terrestrial television|terrestrial
broadcast, direct broadcast satellite,
digital cable, IPTV (including
GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or
built into Smart Televisions), Blu-ray
Disc|Blu-ray video disc (BD), and
internet downloads.
High-definition television - Recording and compression
1 None of the direct broadcast satellite

providers have offered this feature on
any of their supported boxes, but some
cable television|cable TV companies
have
Disney Channel
1 'Disney Channel' (originally The

Disney Channel from 1983 to 1997) is
an American Cable television in the
United States|basic cable and Direct
broadcast satellite|satellite television
channel that is owned by the Disney-
ABC Television Group, a unit of the
Disney Media Networks division of
The Walt Disney Company
PBS - PBS networks
1 Some or all are available on many

digital cable systems, on free-to-air
(FTA) TV via communications
satellites, as well as via direct
broadcast satellite
PBS Kids - History
1 The PBS Kids Channel ran for six years

and was largely funded by El Segundo,
California-based direct broadcast
satellite|satellite provider DirecTV
Daystar Television Network - Availability
1 Daystar is available on terrestrial

television|broadcast and cable
television|cable television in the United
States and worldwide on direct broadcast
satellite systems such as DirecTV and
Dish Network, and as an unencrypted
Free to Air satellite channel
Disney Junior
1 'Disney Junior' is an American Cable

television in the United States|digital
cable and Direct broadcast
satellite|satellite television network
that is owned by the Disney Channel
Worldwide|Disney Channels
Worldwide unit of Disney-ABC
Television Group, part of the Disney
Media Networks division of the The
Walt Disney Company
DirecTV
1 'DirecTV', LLC, is an American direct

broadcast satellite service provider
and broadcaster based in El Segundo,
California. Its satellite service,
launched on June 17, 1994, transmits
digital satellite television and audio to
households in the United States and
Latin America. Its primary
competitors are Dish Network and
cable television providers. , DirecTV
Eternal Word Television Network - Viewership statistics
1 EWTN is the largest religious media

network in the world. As of February
2008, its programming reached more
than 146 million homes in 127 countries
and 16 territories on more than 5,200
Cable television|cable systems,
wireless cable, direct broadcast
satellite, Low-power broadcasting|low
power television, and individual
Satellite television|satellite users.
Wireless - Wireless services
1 *Satellite television: Is broadcast from

satellites in geostationary orbit. Typical
services use direct broadcast satellite
to provide multiple television channels
to viewers.
High-definition video - HD content
1 High-definition image sources include

terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast
satellite, digital cable, high definition disc
(Blu-ray Disc|BD), digital cameras, internet
downloads and the latest generation of
video game consoles.
Discovery.com - International
1In a number of countries, Discovery's

channels are available on Digital data|digital
direct broadcast satellite|satellite platforms
with multiple language soundtracks or
subtitles including Spanish, German,
Russian, Czech Language|Czech, Hindi,
Tamil language|Tamil,Telugu
language|Telugu,Bengali language|Bengali,
Dutch language|Dutch, Portuguese, Italian,
Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Finnish,
Turkish language|Turkish, Greek, Polish
language|Polish, Hungarian, Romanian
language|Romanian, Arabic
language|Arabic, Slovene language|Slovene,
Japanese, Korean and Serbian
language|Serbian
Satellite TV - History
1 ATS-6, the world's first experimental

educational and Direct Broadcast
Satellite, was launched in 1974. The
first Soviet geostationary satellite to
carry Direct-To-Home television,
called Ekran, was launched in 1976.
Satellite TV - Categories of usage
1Direct to the viewer reception includes

direct broadcast satellite or DBS and
television receive-only or TVRO, both
used for homes and businesses including
hotels, etc.
Satellite TV - Direct broadcast via satellite
1 Direct broadcast satellite, (DBS) also

known as Direct-To-Home can either refer
to the communications satellites
themselves that deliver DBS service or the
actual television service. DBS systems are
commonly referred to as mini-dish
systems. DBS uses the upper portion of
the Ku band, as well as portions of the Ka
band.
Satellite TV - Television receive-only
1 TVRO systems are designed to receive

analog and digital Communications
satellite|satellite feeds of both television or
audio from both C-band and Ku-band
transponders on Fixed Service
Satellite|FSS-type satellites. The higher
frequency Ku-band systems tend to be
Direct Broadcast Satellite|Direct To Home
systems and can use a smaller dish
antenna because of the higher power
transmissions and greater antenna gain.
Satellite TV - Direct to Home television
1 Many satellite TV customers in developed

television markets get their programming
through a direct broadcast satellite (DBS)
provider
Tata Sky
1 'Tata Sky' is a direct broadcast satellite

television provider in India, using MPEG-2
and MPEG-4 digital compression
technology, transmitting using Indian
National Satellite System#INSAT-
4A|INSAT 4A satellite at 83.0°E.
Incorporated in 2004, Tata Sky is a Joint
venture between the TATA Group and 21st
Century Fox
H.222 - Main characteristics
1 MPEG-2 is widely used as the format of

digital television signals that are
broadcast by terrestrial
television|terrestrial (over-the-air),
Cable television|cable, and direct
broadcast satellite Television|TV
systems
Indovision
1 'Indovision' is a subscription-based direct

broadcast satellite (DBS) or direct-to-home
satellite television and satellite radio|radio
service initially in Indonesia. Indovision is
currently owned by PT MNC Skyvision Tbk
().
Indovision - History
1 Indovision started its service with five-

channel C-Band Direct Broadcast Satellite
(DBS) analog service. Using Palapa C-2
satellite for its transponder and
broadcasting system, the C-Band DBS
service features programming from
international suppliers, such as HBO Asia,
Star TV, Discovery, as well as local
programming. Following in 1997, IndoStar-
1 which also known as Cakrawarta-1
satellite was launched.
Sky Deutschland
1 'Sky Deutschland AG', branded as

'Sky', is a Germany|German media
company which operates a Direct
Broadcast Satellite Pay TV platform in
Germany, Austria and Switzerland
(through Teleclub) offering a
collection of basic and premium
digital subscription television
channels of different categories via
Satellite and Cable Television.
Astro (Malaysian satellite television)
1 'Astro' is the brand name of the Malaysian

direct broadcast satellite (DBS) Pay TV
service. It transmits digital satellite
television and satellite radio|radio to
households in Malaysia Brunei. The name
Astro is an acronym for All-Asian Satellite
Television and Radio Operator.
Aora
1 'Aora' is an Indonesia|Indonesian
direct broadcast satellite|direct
broadcast satellite television|satellite
pay television company that is
operated by Karyamegah Adijaya|PT
Karyamegah Adijaya and is owned by
Rini M
Dish Home
1 'Dish Home' is only Direct broadcast

satellite|DTH provider of Nepal operated by
Dish Media Network Pvt. Ltd. Dish Home was
formed on 2010 after the merger of two Direct
broadcast satellite|DTH providers namely
'Home TV' and 'Dish Nepal'. By the end of
first quarter 2013, Dish Home crosses
200,000 subscriber mark. As of December,
2013 Dish Home has total 71 television
Channels and Services including some HD
channels.
Dish Home
1 Its primary competitors are cable television

and other Direct broadcast satellite|DTH
service providers from India and China.
Multi-Choice TV (Barbados)
1 Multi-Choice TV also competes against

the United States|US-based direct
broadcast satellite (DBS) service provider
DirecTV in Barbados.
Canal Digital
1 Canal Digital was started as a Direct

Broadcast Satellite Television service
to Sweden, Norway, Denmark and
Finland, but has since expanded into
Cable Television in Norway, Sweden
and Denmark, Digital Terrestrial
Television in Finland and IPTV in
Sweden and Denmark. More than 2.9
million Nordic households and
activities are subscribed to their
Dish Network - Founding and early growth
1 In 1987, EchoStar applied for a Direct-

broadcast satellite|direct broadcast
satellite broadcast license with the
Federal Communications
Commission and was granted access
to orbital slot 119° west longitude in
1992.
Bezeq - Privatization
1 On May 9, 2005, Bezeq was officially

privatized when 30% of its shares were sold
by the state to the Apax Partners|Apax-
Saban Capital Group|Saban-Arkin investment
group for $972 Million. The cellular
communications provider Pelephone is a fully
owned subsidiary of Bezeq. Bezeq is also the
largest shareholder in D.B.S. Satellite
Services (1998) Ltd., known by its trademark
name, Yes (Israel)|Yes, the satellite (Direct
broadcast satellite|DBS) television provider in
Israel.
SKY PerfecTV!
1 'SKY PerfecTV!' is a direct broadcast

satellite (DBS) service that provides
satellite television, audio programming,
and interactive television services to
households in Japan, owned by parent
company SKY Perfect JSAT
Corporation.
SKY PerfecTV!
1SKY PerfecTV! e2 is also a direct

broadcast satellite (DBS) service.
While SKY PerfecTV! use DVB-S and
DVB-S2(SKY PerfecTV! HD), SKY
PerfecTV! e2 use ISDB|ISDB-S.
Shaw Communications - Other activities
1 Shaw is the parent of Shaw Broadcast

Services (previously Shaw Satellite
Services, Canadian Satellite
Communications, or Cancom) and,
through Shaw Broadcast Services, Shaw
Direct, one of Canada's two national direct
broadcast satellite providers
Shaw Direct
1 'Shaw Direct' is a direct broadcast satellite

television distributor in Canada which is
majority-owned by cable TV operator
Shaw Communications Inc
Shaw Direct - Technical information
1 The standard 18 Direct broadcast

satellite|DBS antennas used by other
providers are not compatible with this
system as the signals differ in both
frequency and polarization
TelkomVision
1 'TelkomVision' is a subscription-
based direct broadcast satellite (DBS),
IPTV|protocol internet television
(IPTV), and cable television provider
service for Indonesia. It is a joint
venture between Telkom
Indonesia|Telkom Group and Trans
Corp[http://www.lyngsat.com/packa
ges/telkomvision_sid.html
TelkomVision on Telkom 1 at 108.0°E
Home Phoneline Networking Alliance - Overview
1 HomePNA 3.1 uses frequencies above

those used for Digital Subscriber Line and
analog voice calls over phone wires and
below those used for broadcast and direct
broadcast satellite (DBS) TV over coax, so
it can coexist with those services on the
same wires.
Home2US
1'Home2US Communications, Inc.' is an

open pay TV Direct broadcast
satellite|DBS platform. They offer
broadcasting services on the SES-1
satellite television|satellite (101st meridian
west|101°W) for ethnic viewers in the
United States.
Federal Communication Commission - Bureaus
1 * The 'Media Bureau' (MB) develops,

recommends and administers the
policy and licensing programs
relating to electronic media,
including cable television, broadcast
television, and radio in the United
States and its territories. The Media
Bureau also handles post-licensing
matters regarding direct broadcast
satellite service.
PrimeStar
1 'PrimeStar' was a U.S. direct broadcast

satellite broadcasting company formed
in 1991 by a consortium of cable
television system operators. PrimeStar
was the first medium-powered DBS
system in the United States but slowly
declined in popularity with the arrival of
DirecTV in 1994 and Dish Network in
1996.
PrimeStar - Technology
1 The company was in the process of

converting to a high powered direct
broadcast satellite|DBS platform
when it was purchased and shut down
by DirecTV. The Tempo-1 and Tempo-
2 DBS satellites acquired by PrimeStar
from the defunct ASkyB were renamed
DirecTV-5 and DirecTV-6,
respectively.
PrimeStar - History
1 The system initially launched using

medium-powered FSS satellites that
were facing obsolescence with the
onset of high-powered Direct
Broadcast Satellite|DBS and its much
smaller, eighteen inch satellite dishes.
In a move to convert the platform to
DBS, PrimeStar bid for the 110-degree
satellite location that was eventually
awarded to a never-launched direct
Reliance Digital TV
1 ' Reliance Digital TV ' is one of the largest

Indian pay TV providers, providing direct
broadcast satellite service—including satellite
television, audio programming, and
interactive television services—to commercial
and residential customers in India. It uses
MPEG-4 digital compression
technology,[http://www.reliancedigitaltv.com/w
hydigitaltv_6reason.html Why Reliance
Digital TV - 6 reasons to love us] transmitted
using MEASAT-3 91.5°East. It is the 5th DTH
service launched in India.
Bell TV - 1990s: inception as ExpressVu
1 Tee-Comm on its own managed to

launch the first Direct broadcast
satellite|DBS service in Canada,
AlphaStar, in early 1997; however, in a
matter of months the company went
bankrupt and the service was
discontinued, leaving thousands of
consumers with useless receivers
(although with some reconfiguration,
could be used to receive unencrypted
Dialog TV
1 'Dialog TV (DTV)' is a direct broadcast

satellite pay TV service provider based
in Sri Lanka. A fully owned subsidiary
of Dialog Axiata PLC, Dialog TV was
launched in July 2005 under the name
CBNsat. It was later renamed Dialog TV
in February 2007 after the company
was acquired by Dialog Axiata PLC.
Sun Direct
1 'Sun Direct' is an Indian

direct broadcast satellite
service provider
Broadcast television systems - Digital television systems
1 DVB-T was designed for format

compatibility with existing direct broadcast
satellite services in Europe (which use the
DVB-S standard, and also sees some use
in direct-to-home satellite dish providers in
North America), and there is also a DVB-C
version for cable television
Broadcast television systems - DVB
1 DVB-S is used in both MCPC and SCPC

modes for broadcast network feed
(telecom)|feeds, as well as for direct
broadcast satellite services like Sky (UK
and Ireland)|Sky and Freesat in the British
Isles, Sky Deutschland and HD+ in
Germany and Austria, TNT SAT/FRANSAT
and CanalSat in France, Dish Network in
the US, and Bell TV in Canada
Ku band - The Americas
1 The 12.2 to 12.7GHz (LOF 11.250GHz)

segment is allocated to the BSS
(broadcasting satellite service). BSS
(DBS direct broadcast satellites) normally
carry 16 to 32 transponders of
27Megahertz|MHz bandwidth running at
100 to 240 watts of power, allowing the
use of receiver antennas as small as
18inches (450mm).
Ku band - Europe and Africa
1 Segments in those regions are represented

by ITU Region 1 and they are, the 11.45 to
11.7 and 12.5 to 12.75GHz bands are
allocated to the FSS (fixed satellite service,
uplink 14.0 to 14.5GHz). In Europe Ku band
is used from 10.7 to 12.75GHz (LOF Low
9.750GHz, LOF High 10.600GHz) for direct
broadcast satellite services such as those
carried by the SES Astra|Astra satellites. The
11.7 to 12.5GHz segment is allocated to the
BSS (broadcasting satellite service).
Ku band - Advantages
1 For Ku satellites in DBS (Direct Broadcast

Satellite) service (12.2-12.7GHz in the
U.S.) dishes much smaller than 1-meter
can be used because those satellites are
spaced 9 degrees apart
MVDDS
1 This Terrestrial television|terrestrial based

wireless transmission method reuses
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS)
frequencies for distribution of multichannel
video and data over large distances.
Microwave antenna
1 The other large use of parabolic

antennas is for radar antennas, in
which there is a need to transmit a
narrow beam of radio waves to locate
objects like ships, airplanes, and
guided missiles. With the advent of
direct broadcast satellite|home satellite
television receivers, parabolic antennas
have become a common feature of the
landscapes of modern countries.
Microwave antenna - Types
1 ** 'Arrays of feeds'– In order to produce

an arbitrary shaped beam, instead of
one feed horn, an array of feed horns
clustered around the focal point can be
used. Array-fed antennas are often
used on communication satellites,
particularly direct broadcast satellites,
to create a downlink radiation pattern
to cover a particular continent or
coverage area. They are often used
S band - Satellite communications
1 In some countries, S band is used for

Direct broadcast satellite|Direct-to-
Home satellite television (unlike similar
services in most countries, which use
Ku band|Ku band). The frequency
typically allocated for this service is 2.5
to 2.7GHz (LOF 1.570GHz).
C band - The IEEE C-band
1 The C-band is primarily used for open

satellite communications, whether for
full-time satellite TV networks or raw
satellite feeds, although subscription
cable television|programming also
exists. This use contrasts with direct
broadcast satellite, which is a
completely closed system used to
deliver subscription programming to
small satellite dishes that are
Multiplexed Analogue Components - History
1 MAC was originally developed by the

Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA)
(dates unknown) in the UK for delivering
high quality pictures via direct broadcast
satellites that would be independent of
European countries' choice of terrestrial
colour-coding
standard.http://www.pembers.freeserve.co
.uk/World-TV-Standards/Colour-
Standards.html#MAC
Chennai - Media
1 While the cable TV service is entirely

controlled by the state government, direct–
to–home (Direct broadcast satellite|DTH)
is available via DD Direct Plus, Dish TV,
Tata Sky, Videocon DTH, Sun direct DTH,
Reliance Big TV and Digital TV Chennai is
the first city in India to have implemented
the Conditional Access System for cable
television
Chinasat
1 'Chinasat' is a family of communications

satellites operated by the China Direct
Broadcast Satellite Company. The series
was previously operated by the China
Satellite Communications Corporation,
and before that the China
Telecommunications Broadcast Satellite
Corporation, which was owned by China's
Ministry of Post and Telecommunications.
Sino Satellite Communications Company
1The 'Sino Satellite Communications

Company' or 'Sinosat' () was a Chinese
limited company, which provided satellite
communications through a pair of
communications satellites in geostationary
orbit. It ceased to exist in January 2008,
when it merged with the China Satellite
Communications Corporation to form the
China Direct Broadcast Satellite Company.
Their two satellites were, Sinosat-1 and
Sinosat-3. A third satellite, Sinosat-2, failed
shortly after launch.
Telecommunications Act of 1996 - Major provisions
1 'Title II', Broadcast Services: Outlines the

granting and licensing of broadcast spectrum
by the government, including a provision to
issue licenses to current television stations to
commence digital television broadcasting, the
use of the revenues generated by such
licensing, the terms of broadcast licenses, the
process of renewing broadcast licenses,
direct broadcast satellite services, automated
ship distress and safety systems, and
restrictions on over-the-air reception devices
Virtual channel - Europe, Africa and the Middle East
1 Virtual channels are also used on direct

broadcast satellites, such as Dish
Network, DirecTV, and SES Astra|Astra.
Rather than a few dozen channels with a
few subchannels each, these services
map to a range of hundreds of individually
numbered channels. This is true of digital
cable and satellite radio services, as well.
Carriage dispute
1 A 'carriage dispute' is a disagreement

over the right to carry, that is,
retransmit, a
broadcasting|broadcaster's signal.
Carriage disputes first occurred
between broadcasters and cable
television|cable companies and now
include direct broadcast satellite and
other multichannel video
programming distributors.
CP24
'CablePulse 24 (CP24)' is a
1
Canada|Canadian English language

Category A services|Category A
specialty channel|specialty cable
television|cable and satellite television
channel that is owned by the Bell Media
subsidiary of BCE, Inc. Based in Toronto,
the channel focuses on local news from
the Greater Toronto Area and Southern
Ontario, although it also covers national
and international news. It is distributed
through cable in Southern Ontario and
CP24 - Carriage and expansion plans
1 CP24 is seen on cable channel 24 on

most cable providers that carry the
channel. It is not carried on any analogue
cable system outside of Central or
Southern Ontario, although it is available
on direct broadcast satellite and Internet
protocol television|IPTV television
providers in some markets. The channel is
available across Canada on Bell TV, on
which the station is part of the service's
Ici ARTV - Distribution
1 In regard to Direct broadcast

satellite|satellite providers, Ici ARTV must
be offered in a package that contains the
greatest number of French language
services.
Nickelodeon
1 'Nickelodeon' (often shortened to 'Nick',

and originally called 'Pinwheel') is an
American Cable television in the United
States|basic cable and Direct broadcast
satellite|satellite television network that is
owned by the Viacom Media
Networks#Cable channels owned by
Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks
Kids Family Group, a unit of the Viacom
Media Networks division of Viacom
Dolby - Audio encoding/compression
1 It has been adopted in many broadcast

formats including all ATSC|North American
digital television (ATSC), DVB-T, direct
broadcast satellite, cable television,
DTMB, IPTV, and surround sound radio
services
In-flight entertainment - Personal televisions
1 Some show direct broadcast

satellite|direct broadcast satellite
television which enables passengers
to view live TV broadcasts
Satellite dish - Principle of operation
1 Direct broadcast satellite dishes use an LNBF, which

integrates the feedhorn with the LNB
Satellite dish - Principle of operation
1 Prior to the existence of direct broadcast

satellite services, home users would
generally have a motorised C-band dish of
up to 3 metres in diameter for reception of
channels from different satellites
Television in the United States - Television channels and networks
1 In the United States, television is available

via terrestrial television|broadcast (over-
the-air), unencrypted satellite (free-to-air),
direct broadcast satellite, cable television
and IPTV (internet protocol television).
There are also competing video services
on the Internet|world wide web.
Television in the United States - Television channels and networks
1 Over-the-air and free-to-air television

do not necessitate any monthly
payments, while cable, direct
broadcast satellite and IPTV services
require monthly payments that vary
depending on the number of channels
that a subscriber chooses to pay for in
a particular package. Channels are
usually sold in groups, rather than
singularly. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-direct-broadcast-satellite-toolkit.html
Television in the United States - Cable and satellite television
1 Eventually, the industry began to cater to

individuals who wanted to continue to
receive satellite television (and were
willing to pay for it) in two ways: by
authorizing the descrambling of the
original satellite feeds to the cable
television operators and with new direct
broadcast satellite television services
using their own satellites
Simsubbed
1 Retrieved on March 7, 2009.) is a practice

mandated by the Canadian Radio-television
and Telecommunications Commission
(CRTC) requiring Canadian cable TV, direct
broadcast satellite (DBS), IPTV, and
Multichannel Multipoint Distribution
Service|MMDS television distribution
companies to distribute the signal
(electronics)|signal of a local or regional
terrestrial television|over-the-air station in
place of the signal of a foreign or nonlocal
television station, when the two stations are
broadcasting identical programming
simultaneously.
MTV2 - Prior to 2011
1 4, 2007] but currently the block is shown on

late Saturday evenings starting at 10:00
p.m.[http://www.mtv.com/onair/schedule/mtv2
/weekly.jhtml MTV2 Weekly Schedule]
However, MTV2 viewers residing on the West
Coast of the United States|West Coast and
receiving the channel through direct
broadcast satellite|satellite will see this block
during the primetime hours, as satellite
providers will most likely carry the MTV2 feed
from the Eastern Time Zone, in which MTV2
bases its scheduled times for its
programming.
Independent Television Commission - The ITC's co-regulators and origins
1 Historically, all of independent television

(from 22 September 1955) and radio (from
8 October 1973) was governed by the IBA
(Independent Broadcasting Authority) –
joined by the Cable Authority in 1984. On
1 July 1985, the Home Secretary asked
the IBA to review prospects for commercial
Direct broadcast satellite|DBS.
Low-noise block downconverter - Polarization
1 Throughout the World, most satellite TV

transmissions use vertical and horizontal
linear polarization but in North America,
Direct broadcast satellite|DBS transmissions
use left and right hand circular polarization.
Within the waveguide of a North American
DBS LNB a slab of dielectric material is used
to convert left and right circular polarized
signals to vertical and horizontal linear
polarized signals so the converted signals
can be treated the same.
Low-noise block downconverter - North America DBS LNB
1 Here is an example of an
LNB used for Direct
broadcast satellite|DBS:
KCBS-TV
1 In the few areas of the western United

States where a CBS station is not
receivable Terrestrial television|over-the-
air, KCBS-TV is available on direct
broadcast satellite|satellite television
through DirecTV.
EchoStar Communications Corporation - History
1 EchoStar was originally formed in 1980 by

its Chairman of the board|chairman
Charles Ergen as a distributor of C band
TV systems. In 1987, EchoStar applied
for a direct broadcast satellite (DBS)
license with the Federal Communications
Commission and was granted access to
orbital slot 119° west longitude in 1992.
NBCSN - As the Outdoor Life Network
1 The channel originally launched as the

'Outdoor Life Network' (or OLN) on July
1, 1995; the name was licensed from
Outdoor Life magazine. Its
programming consisted of hunting,
fishing, and outdoor adventure shows.
In its early days, the channel reached
around one million homes and found
most of its carriage via the then-infant
platforms of direct broadcast satellite
services and digital cable.
PEO TV
1 PEO TV currently has over 90,000

subscribers. Its main competitors in
the pay TV market in Sri Lanka are
Lanka Broadband Networks (LBN)
providing cable television services in
Analog television|analog and DVB-C
in selected areas in Sri Lanka and
Dialog TV, which is an direct
broadcast satellite platform operated
by Dialog Axiata|Dialog Axiata PLC.
Commsat - Television
1 As television became the main market, its

demand for simultaneous delivery of
relatively few signals of large Bandwidth
(signal processing)|bandwidth to many
receivers being a more precise match for
the capabilities of Geosynchronous
orbit|geosynchronous comsats. Two
satellite types are used for North American
television and radio: Direct broadcast
satellite (DBS), and Fixed Service Satellite
Commsat - Television
1 Direct broadcast satellites generally operate in the

upper portion of the microwave Ku band|Ku band
Direct to home - Commercial services
1 In 1996, EchoStar Communications

Corporation|EchoStar's Dish Network
went online in the United States and,
as DirecTV's primary competitor,
achieved similar success. AlphaStar
also started but soon went under. Astro
(satellite television)|Astro was also
started, using a direct broadcast
satellite system.
MVDDS dispute
1 The dispute later transformed into

several court cases against the FCC
and Direct broadcast
satellite|satellite television
providers, as well as a patent
infringement case against MDS
America and MDS International
OrangeTV
1 'OrangeTV' is a subscription-based direct

broadcast satellite (DBS) or direct-to-home
satellite television and radio service
initially in Indonesia operated by PT Mega
Media Indonesia, subsidiary of the Sinar
Mas Group. Its transmission system is
DTH (Direct to Home) in Ku Band, and the
channels are encrypted by Irdeto system.
RCA (trademark) - Current users
1 * 'RCA Audio/Video' - Manufactured

by Audiovox, produces RCA DVD
players, video cassette recorders,
direct broadcast satellite decoders,
camcorders, and audio equipment.
(link on Audiovox website)
Cable channel
1 Such channels are usually also available

via satellite television, including direct
broadcast satellite providers such as
DirecTV, Dish Network and BSkyB, as well
as via IPTV
BBC America
1 'BBC America' is a digital cable and

Direct broadcast satellite|satellite
television network in the United States
which is a wholly owned commercial
subsidiary of the British public
service broadcaster, the
BBC.http://www.bbcwpressroom.com
/bbc-america/overview/
Satellite broadcasting - Technology
1 Direct broadcast satellite dishes are fitted

with an LNBF, which integrates the
feedhorn with the LNB.
Satellite broadcasting - Categories of usage
1 Direct to the viewer reception

includes direct broadcast satellite (or
DBS) and television receive-only (or
TVRO), both used for homes and
businesses including hotels, among
other properties.
Satellite broadcasting - Direct broadcast via satellite
1 Direct broadcast satellite, (DBS) also known

as Direct-To-Home can either refer to the
communications satellites themselves that
deliver DBS service or the actual television
service. Most satellite television customers in
developed television markets get their
programming through a direct broadcast
satellite provider. Signals are transmitted
using Ku band and are completely digital
which means it has high picture and stereo
sound quality.
Satellite broadcasting - Early milestones
1 ATS-6, the world's first experimental

educational and Direct Broadcast
Satellite (DBS), was launched on 30
May 1974
Satellite broadcasting - TVRO/C-band satellite era, 1980-86
1 The Satellite Broadcasting and

Communications Association SBCA was
founded on December 2, 1986 as the
result of a merger between SPACE and
the Direct Broadcast Satellite Association
(DBSA).
Satellite broadcasting - Late 1980s and 1990s to present
1 The launch of Astra beat the winner of the

UK's state Direct Broadcast Satellite
licence holder, British Satellite
Broadcasting, to the market.
Satellite broadcasting - Late 1980s and 1990s to present
1 In addition to encryption, the

widespread availability, in the US, of
Direct broadcast satellite|DBS
services such as PrimeStar and
DirecTV had been reducing the
popularity of TVRO systems since the
early 1990s
List of broadcast satellites
1 These satellites are commonly used

for communications
satellite|communication purposes,
such as radio and television networks,
backhaul (broadcasting)|backhaul,
and Direct broadcast satellite|direct
broadcast
Eutelsat 16B
1 Nilesat used the satellite, alongside

Nilesat 101 and Nilesat 102 which were
located in the same orbital slot, to provide
Direct Broadcast Satellite|direct-to-home
digital TV channels, data transmission,
turbo internet and multicasting applications
to more than 15 million viewers in the
North African and Middle East region.
LPTV - Must-carry
1 One of the key distinctions between full-

service television stations and low-power
stations is cable television and direct
broadcast satellite (DBS) carriage. Full-
service stations are guaranteed carriage in
their local media market|television market
through must-carry whereas LPTV stations
are not. In 2008, there was an effort put
forward by FCC chairman Kevin Martin to
grant must-carry rights to Class A LPTV
stations. The effort failed due to a lack of
support from the other FCC Commissioners.
Datacasting
1 It generally does not apply to data which

is inherent to the medium, such as PSIP
data which defines virtual channels for
DTV or direct broadcast satellite systems;
or to things like cable modem or satellite
modem, which use a completely separate
channel for data.
Death Star - Nickname
1 In Canada, the term death stars was used

to describe U.S. Direct Broadcast
Satellites capable of broadcasting signals
into Canada that were not regulated by the
Canadian Radio-television and
Telecommunications Commission.
Columbus, Georgia - Media and communications
1 Columbus is served by the

Template:Columbus GA TV|Columbus,
Georgia Designated Market Area media
market|(DMA). Charter
Communications, Comcast, Knology,
and Mediacom provide cable television
service. DirecTV and Dish Network
provide direct broadcast satellite
television including both local and
national channels to area residents.
Space industry - Segments and revenues
1 The ground equipment sector is

composed of manufacturing items
like mobile terminals, gateways,
control stations, Very small aperture
terminal|VSATs, direct broadcast
satellite dishes, and other specialized
equipment
Broadcast media - History
1 Satellite broadcasting was initiated in

the 1960s and moved into general
industry usage in the 1970s, with DBS
(Direct Broadcast Satellites) emerging
in the 1980s.
RFD-TV
1 'RFD-TV' is an United States|American

digital cable and direct broadcast
satellite|satellite television channel that
is owned by Rural Media Group
Television encryption - Digital cable and satellite television encryption
1 In the US, both DirecTV and Dish Network

direct broadcast satellite systems use
digital encryption standards for controlling
access to programming
Montgomery, Alabama - Media
1 DirecTV and Dish Network provide

direct broadcast satellite television
including both local and national
channels to area residents.
DVB-S
1 It is used via satellites serving every

continent of the world. DVB-S is used in
both
Multiplexing#Digital_broadcasting|Multiple
Channel Per Carrier (MCPC) and Single
channel per carrier modes for Broadcast
Network feeds as well as for Direct
Broadcast Satellite services like Sky (UK
Ireland) via Astra (satellite)|Astra in
Europe, Dish Network and Globecast in
the U.S. and Bell TV in Canada.
Hughes Aircraft - Hughes Electronics Corporation
1 In 1994 in aviation|1994 Hughes

Electronics introduced DirecTV, the
world's first high-powered Direct
broadcast satellite|DBS service
SportsNet New York
1 It is carried in the New York

metropolitan area and all of New
York|New York state on cable
television, and nationwide via Direct
broadcast satellite|satellite
Radio Corporation of America - Diversification
1 This lab developed many innovations,

such as color television, the electron
microscope, CMOS-based technology,
heterojunction physics, Light-emitting
diode#Discoveries and early
devices|optoelectronic emitting
devices, liquid crystal displays (LCDs),
videocassette recorders, Direct-
broadcast satellite|direct broadcast
television, direct broadcast satellite
Backhaul (broadcasting)
1 The small dishes may either be fixed

(much like direct broadcast satellite|DBS
antennas), positioned using a electric
motor|rotor (usually DiSEqC-standard) or
may be toroidal in design (twin toroidal
Reflector (antenna)|reflectors focus the
incoming signal as a line, not a point, so
that multiple Low-noise block
converter|LNBs may receive signal from
multiple satellites)
ABC Family - ABC Spark
1 On October 26, 2011, The Walt Disney Company and

Toronto-based media company Corus Entertainment
entered into a partnership to launch a Canadian version
of ABC Family under the name 'ABC Spark', which
launched on March 23, 2012.The Futon Critic
[http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2011/10/26/new-
millennial-focused-channel-abc-spark-to-launch-in-
canada-789303/20111026abc01/ New Millennial
Focused Channel, ABC Spark, to Launch in Canada]
ABC Spark The channel, which is licensed by the
Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications
Commission as a Category B services|Category B
specialty channel (which under CRTC rules, allows
Canadian digital cable and direct broadcast satellite
providers to optionally choose to carry the channel), is
aimed at teenagers and young adults between 15- and
34-years-
old.[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118045086?ref
CatId=14 ABC Spark launches in Canada], October 26,
Style Network
1 'Esquire Network' (also abbreviated

'EsqTV') is an United States|American
digital cable and Direct broadcast
satellite|satellite television network that
is owned as a joint venture between
NBCUniversal and Hearst Corporation
(both owning 50%). The network airs
programs aimed at a metrosexual
audience centering on travel, cooking
and fashion as well as non-sports
related male programming.
Great American Country
1 'Great American Country' (or 'GAC') is an

United States|American digital cable and
Direct broadcast satellite|satellite television
network that is owned by Scripps Networks
Interactive. Based in Knoxville,
Tennessee|Knoxville, Tennessee, the channel
features country music programming
including music videos, music performance
specials and live concerts, along with country
lifestyle entertainment and original lifestyle
programming.
DC offset - Remote power
1 On modern satellite dishes, used for direct

broadcast satellite|direct-broadcast
satellite TV, a DC bias is used to provide
electrical power to the feedhorn.
Changing the bias between approximately
12 and 18 volts also allows selection of the
correct Polarization (waves)|polarization
(horizontal and vertical on older systems,
clockwise and counterclockwise on newer
circular polarization systems).
Viasat
1 'Viasat' is a Direct Broadcast Satellite

Television Broadcasting|Broadcaster
and Pay TV Operator, owned by the
Swedish media conglomerate Modern
Times Group (MTG). Broadcasting from
London, the target markets are in the
Nordic countries|Nordic and the Baltic
state|Baltic Countries. Their lineup can
be received from the SES Astra|Astra
4A satellite at 4.8°E with any DVB-S
Viasat
1 Viasat’s main competitor on Direct

Broadcast Satellite distribution in the
Nordic countries is Canal Digital.
Coupon-eligible converter box - Disqualifying features
1 Some features disqualified a converter box

from coupon eligibility, such as High-
definition television|high-definition video
output and built-in digital video
recorder|DVR functionality. Digital cable
and direct broadcast satellite|satellite set-
top boxes that incorporate a digital tuner
were also disqualified.
1994 NFL season
1 The league also signed an exclusivity

agreement with the direct broadcast
satellite (DBS) service DirecTV to
launch NFL Sunday Ticket, a satellite
television subscription service that
offers every regular season NFL game
Fixed Service Satellite
1 This role has been largely supplanted by

direct broadcast satellite (DBS) television
systems, which began in 1994 with the
launch of Primstar, the first DBS television
system
Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia - Satellite carriage controversy
1 Since CSN Philadelphia did not uplink

its signal to any satellite, Comcast
was able to avoid an Federal
Communications Commission|FCC
regulation that requires most
television channels to be offered to
direct broadcast satellite (DBS)
companies (known as the terrestrial
loophole)
Emergency Alert System
1 DirecTV, Dish Network, and all other

Direct Broadcast Satellite|DBS
providers have been required to
participate since May 31, 2007.
Nickelodeon Productions
1 'Nickelodeon' (often shortened to 'Nick',

and originally called 'Pinwheel') is an
United States|American Cable
television in the United States|basic
cable and Direct broadcast
satellite|satellite television network that
is owned by the Viacom Media
Networks#Cable channels owned by
Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks
Kids Family Group, a unit of the
Viacom Media Networks division of
Viacom
Ku-band - The Americas
1 The 12.2 to 12.7GHz (LOF 11.250 to

11.750GHz) segment is allocated to the
BSS (broadcasting satellite service). BSS
(DBS direct broadcast satellites) normally
carry 16 to 32 transponders of
27Megahertz|MHz bandwidth running at
100 to 240 watts of power, allowing the
use of receiver antennas as small as
18inches (450mm).
Direct-broadcast satellite television - History
1 The launch of Astra beat the winner of

the UK's state Direct Broadcast
Satellite licence holder, British
Satellite Broadcasting, to the market.
1 In addition to encryption, the

widespread availability, in the US, of
Direct broadcast satellite|DBS
services such as PrimeStar and
DirecTV had been reducing the
popularity of TVRO systems since the
early 1990s
1 On 29 November 1999 US President

William J. Clinton passed the Satellite
Home Viewer Improvement Act
(SHVIA). The act allowed Americans to
receive local broadcast signals via
direct broadcast satellite systems for
the first time.
Dennis R. Patrick
1 Among the issues and reforms

engaged were broadcast and cable
deregulation, relaxation of rules
governing television program
ownership and syndication rights, the
introduction of Direct Broadcast
Satellite competition and broad
telecommunications, deregulation
Broadcasting Satellite (Japanese)
1 'Yuri', also known as 'Broadcasting

Satellite' or 'BS', was a series of
Japanese direct broadcast satellites.
AMC-4
1 AMC-4's Ku-band Transponder

(Satellite
communications)|transponders
served the Direct broadcast
satellite|direct-to-home, VSAT,
business television and broadband
Internet market segments
History of smart antennas - Adaptive antenna arrays
1 A 1977 paper by Bell Labs researchers

Douglas O. Reudink and Yu S. Yeh described
the advantages of scanning spot beams for
satellites. The authors estimated that
scanning spot beams could save 20 dB in link
budget which in turn could be used to reduce
transmit power, increase communication
capacity, and decrease the size of earth-
station antennas. Satellite spot beams are
used today by direct broadcast satellite
systems such as DirecTV and Dish Network.
Guide Plus - Digital television
1 While the TV Guide service also requires

software installed in a television set or
other device, and licensing fees or
royalties must be paid to Rovi, it also
offers a more complete solution for
broadcast television, more like direct
broadcast satellite|digital satellite or digital
cable.
West Bank - Radio and television
1 Israel's cable television company Hot

(Israel)|HOT, satellite television provider
(Direct broadcast satellite|DBS) Yes
(Israel)|Yes, AM and FM radio broadcast
stations and public television broadcast
stations all operate
Digital Satellite Service
1 Only when digital transmission was

introduced did direct broadcast
satellite (DBS) television become
popular in North America, which has
led to both DBS and DSS being used
interchangeably to refer to all three
commonplace digital transmission
formats - DSS, DVB-S and 4DTV
HEMT - Applications
1 HEMTs are found in many types of

equipment ranging from cellphones
and Direct broadcast satellite|DBS
receivers to electronic warfare
systems such as radar and for radio
astronomy.
Pirate decryption - Technical issues
1 Direct broadcast satellites and digital cable

services, because of their digital format, are
free to use more robust security measures
such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES)
or the RSA (algorithm)|RSA and International
Data Encryption Algorithm|IDEA digital
encryption standards. When first introduced,
digital Direct broadcast satellite|DBS
broadcasts were touted as being secure
enough to put an end to piracy once and for
all. Often these claims would be made in
press releases.
Pirate decryption - Political issues
1 In some countries such as Canada and many

Caribbean nations (except for the Dominican
Republic), the black market in satellite TV
piracy is closely tied to the gray market
activity of using direct broadcast satellite
signals to watch broadcasts intended for one
country in some other, adjacent country.
Many smaller countries have no domestic
DBS operations and therefore few or no legal
restrictions on the use of decoders which
capture foreign signals.
DigiCipher 2
1 The original attempt for a North American

digital signal encryption and compression
standard was DigiCipher 1, which was used
most notably in the now-defunct PrimeStar
medium-power direct broadcast satellite
(DBS) system during the early 1990s. The
DCII standard predates wide acceptance of
Digital Video Broadcasting|DVB-based digital
terrestrial television compression (although
not cable or satellite DVB) and therefore is
incompatible with the DVB standard.
Diplexer - Residential
1 Diplexers are also used in the home to

allow a direct broadcast satellite|direct
broadcast Satellite television|satellite TV
satellite dish|dish antenna and a terrestrial
TV antenna (local broadcast channels) to
share one coaxial cable
Must-carry - Other networks
1 A variation of must-carry also applies to

Direct broadcast satellite|DBS services
like DirecTV and Dish Network, as first
mandated by the Satellite Home Viewer
Act of 1988
Astro (satellite television)
1 Measat Broadcast Network System or

'Astro' is a Malaysian direct broadcast
satellite (DBS) Pay TV service, a
subsidiary of Astro Malaysia Holdings
Berhad. It transmits digital satellite
television and satellite radio|radio to
households in Malaysia and Brunei.
Astro is an acronym for All-Asian
Satellite Television and Radio
Operator.
Satellite dishes - Principle of operation
1 Direct broadcast satellite dishes use an LNBF,

which integrates the feedhorn with the LNB
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• direct broadcast satellite

1 As television became the main market, its

1 A direct broadcast satellite is a

1A common real-world example can be

1 The Media Bureau (MB) develops,

1 Direct broadcast satellite, WiFi, and

1 This lab developed many innovations,

1 This technology, which provides features

1 Section 602 (13) of The Communications Act

1 The original TiVo DVR digitized and

1 High-definition image sources include

1 None of the direct broadcast satellite

1 'Disney Channel' (originally The

1 Some or all are available on many

1 The PBS Kids Channel ran for six years

1 Daystar is available on terrestrial

1 'Disney Junior' is an American Cable

1 'DirecTV', LLC, is an American direct

1 EWTN is the largest religious media

1 *Satellite television: Is broadcast from

1 High-definition image sources include

1In a number of countries, Discovery's

1 ATS-6, the world's first experimental

1Direct to the viewer reception includes

1 Direct broadcast satellite, (DBS) also

1 TVRO systems are designed to receive

1 Many satellite TV customers in developed

1 'Tata Sky' is a direct broadcast satellite

1 MPEG-2 is widely used as the format of

1 'Indovision' is a subscription-based direct

1 Indovision started its service with five-

1 'Sky Deutschland AG', branded as

1 'Astro' is the brand name of the Malaysian

1 'Dish Home' is only Direct broadcast

1 Its primary competitors are cable television

1 Multi-Choice TV also competes against

1 Canal Digital was started as a Direct

1 In 1987, EchoStar applied for a Direct-

1 On May 9, 2005, Bezeq was officially

1 'SKY PerfecTV!' is a direct broadcast

1SKY PerfecTV! e2 is also a direct

1 Shaw is the parent of Shaw Broadcast

1 'Shaw Direct' is a direct broadcast satellite

1 The standard 18 Direct broadcast

1 HomePNA 3.1 uses frequencies above

1'Home2US Communications, Inc.' is an

1 * The 'Media Bureau' (MB) develops,

1 'PrimeStar' was a U.S. direct broadcast

1 The company was in the process of

1 The system initially launched using

1 ' Reliance Digital TV ' is one of the largest

1 Tee-Comm on its own managed to

1 'Dialog TV (DTV)' is a direct broadcast

1 'Sun Direct' is an Indian

1 DVB-T was designed for format

1 DVB-S is used in both MCPC and SCPC

1 The 12.2 to 12.7GHz (LOF 11.250GHz)

1 Segments in those regions are represented

1 For Ku satellites in DBS (Direct Broadcast

1 This Terrestrial television|terrestrial based

1 The other large use of parabolic

1 ** 'Arrays of feeds'– In order to produce

1 In some countries, S band is used for