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Lecture 2
Face Width F
Addendum
circle
Pitch circle
Tooth
Thickness
Width of space
Circular pitch
Addendum a
Deddendu
m circle
Working
Clearance Deddendum Depth
circle b
Clearance
Whole Depth
Gears
rp
Pressure Angle
Ф
Pitch Circle
Deddendum
circle
rg rbg
Spur gears, illustrated in Fig, have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and
are used to transmit motion from one shaft to another, parallel, shaft.
Nomenclature of Gear
The pitch circle is a theoretical circle upon which all calculations are usually
based; its diameter is the pitch diameter.
The pitch circles of a pair of mating gears are tangent to each other.
A pinion is the smaller of two mating gears. The larger is often called the
gear.
The circular pitch p is the distance, measured on the pitch circle, from a
point on one tooth to a corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.
Thus the circular pitch is equal to the sum of the tooth thickness and the
width of space.
Nomenclature of Gear
Module: The module m is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of
teeth.
The Diametral pitch P is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the
pitch diameter. Thus, it is the reciprocal of the module.
Nomenclature of Gear
The addendum a is the radial distance between the top land and the pitch
circle.
The dedendum b is the radial distance from the bottom land to the pitch
circle
The whole depth ht is the sum of the addendum and the dedendum.
The clearance c is the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear
exceeds the addendum of its mating gear.
The backlash is the amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds the
thickness of the engaging tooth measured on the pitch circles
The Lewis Bending Equation
Accounts for fatigue size effect, and non-uniformity of material properties for
large sizes
Load-Distribution Factor Km
When the rim thickness is not sufficient to provide full support for the tooth
root, the location of bending failure may be through the gear rim rather than
at the tooth fillet.
1) Pressure Angle Ф
2) # of teeth Gear/Pinion
3) # of teeth of mating gear/Pinion
4) value of J
Helical-Gear Geometry Factor J
Get J' from Fig. 14–7, which assumes the mating gear has 75 teeth
Get multiplier from Fig. 14–8 for mating gear with other than 75 teeth
Obtain J by applying multiplier to J'
Fig. 14–7
Modifying Factor for J
Fig. 14–4
Contact Strength for Through-hardened Steel Gears
Fig. 14–5
Bending Strengths for Iron and Bronze Gears
Table 14–
Stress-Cycle Factor YN
Since the pinion is subjected to more cycles than the gear, it is often hardened
more than the gear.
The hardness-ratio factor accounts for the difference in hardness of the pinion and
gear.
CH is only applied to the gear. That is, CH = 1 for the pinion.
For the gear,
Fig. 14–12
Hardness-Ratio Factor
Than
Parallel Helical
The pressure angle φn in the normal direction is different from the pressure
angle φt in the direction of rotation, because of the angularity of the teeth.
These angles are related by the equation
Power in Spur Gearing
Transmitted power
H
Pitch-line velocity is the linear velocity of a point on the gear at
theradius of the pitch circle. It is a common term in tabulating gear
data.
SI units,
In
Fig. 13–37
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Parallel Helical