y

3
 
2
3 i 2 j

1
2j
x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1 3i
-2

VECTOR
 y
7
 
3 i 2 j
6

4
 
3 3 i 2 j
 
2 3 i 2 j
1
x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1

-2

FREE VECTOR
y

r

 x

l  cos 
m  cos 

DIRECTION COSINES
 r  aiˆ  bjˆ
y

r  r cos  ˆi  r cos  ˆ
j

r
b 
 x

l2  m2  cos2   cos2 
a2 b2
 2  2 l2  m2  1
r r
1
 y

r  aiˆ  bjˆ

r
b  r cos  
 x

a  r cos 

a  r cos 
b  r cos 
DIRECTION RATIOS
 y

mr cos  mr

 x

mr cos 

a1  r cos  a2  mr cos 
b1  r cos  b2  mr cos 

Direction ratios are proportional

 z   
2 i  3 j 5 k


5k

y
 
2 i 3 j

VECTOR
    z
2 i  3 j 5 k   
2 i  3 j 5 k
  
2 i  3 j 5 k

FREE VECTOR
 z

   
r  a i  b j c k

 y


x
l  cos 
m  cos 

n  cos 

DIRECTION COSINES
 z

  
 r  a i  b j c k

 y


l2  m2  n2  1
 z

   
r  a i  b j c k
r
 y


a  r cos 
b  r cos 
c  r cos 
DIRECTION RATIOS
 z

  

mr mr  ma i  mb j mc k

x
a1  r cos  a2  kr cos 
b1  r cos  b2  kr cos 
c1  r cos  c2  kr cos 

Direction ratios are proportional

   
r  i  j2k

Direction ratios = ?

Direction cosines = ?
   
r  i  j2k

Direction ratios: 1, 1,  2

Direction cosines:
cos , cos , cos 

a 1 b 1 c 2
   
r 6 r 6 r 6

where, r  a2  b2  c2  6
 z


LEARNING OUTCOME

 y


x
l  cos 
m  cos 

n  cos 

DIRECTION COSINES
 z


LEARNING OUTCOME

 y


l2  m2  n2  1
 z

   
r  a i  b j c k
r
LEARNING OUTCOME

 y


a  r cos 
b  r cos 
c  r cos 
DIRECTION RATIOS