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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
IN PAKISTAN
RESEARCH PROJECT
BY
MAHGUL
INTRODUCTION
General Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out the factors which
impede women’s effective political empowerment in Pakistan and to evaluate the
challenges faced by them to reach to the top hierarchy. Further, the aim of this
research is to discern the attitude of relevant stakeholders towards women’s
leadership and to ascertain the stereotypes that couch such attitudes.
Specific Objectives: The specific purpose of this research is to gather
information in six areas to assess women politicians’ needs regarding their
Enhanced ability to run for elections
Equal opportunity to run for elections
Support from party leaders for women to take positions within their parties
Support from male counterparts for women at all levels of electoral and government
structures, including constituencies and legislative bodies
Establishing operational relations with government officials in line departments for
alleviating the public grievances
Increased media engagement to portray women politicians as effective leaders and
decision-makers in Pakistan.
FURTHER JUSTIFICATION
Keeping in mind the complex dynamics of Pakistani society, the present
research considers a wide range of factors that influence women’s equal and
effective political empowerment and the challenges faced by women to reach to
the top hierarchy.
Women’s chances to excel in their political career depend on their ability to
participate in their party organizations, to be nominated for party ticket, and to
acquire a leading position in the party.
Likewise, women’s capability to perform an effective political role is established
through the recognition of their contributions by party leadership and male
counterparts, and the help they extend to women by sharing political influence.
women’s operational interaction with government officials is linked with their
capacity to participate in legislation and policy formulation.
The research work consists of two primary steps:
An extensive desk review on women’s political participation in Pakistan.
Primary data collection to identify issues and bottlenecks which impede women’s
participation in politics and democratic governance.
SCOPE
The present research strives to identify the strengths and challenges related
to the political leadership of women MPAs and district level women
politicians in all four provinces as well as Federally Administered Tribal
Areas (FATA) Pakistan.
SCOPE
Figure 2.2 Seats held by women in parliament – global perspective (world Bank,
2016)
Literature Review
Litracy
Personnel Politics
Economic /
Psychological
Poverty
Social /
Religious
Cultural
Figure 2.5 Literacy Rate of Pakistan (1951 to 2009) Source: (Riaz Haq, 2014) Figure 2.4 General elements for Women empowerment
Research Methodology
This research study related to women empowerment challenges in
political participation is descriptive research as design is particularly
based on questions regarding research problem to obtain the current
opinion of politicians of Pakistan with respect to challenges or hurdles
faced by women in the political environment.
Accumulative 97% participants agreed that the female also be the part
of decision making committees of the party
74% participants that females take more factors into consideration for
appropriate decisions; however, there is chance of biasness as 60% of
the participants are women as world statistics regarding intelligent
quotient test results indicated small variations between male and
females IQ.
conclusion
90% participants agreed that well-developed strategies to increase the
level of women’s participation in decision-making bodies, quality in
women’s representation
43% participants agreed opposing trends in politics where political
parties continue to resist the granting of party tickets to female
candidates.
• 30.7% thinking that lack of mechanisms for protection of women within the political parties.
• 36% responding that nominating women candidates in areas where it is difficult for them to win.
• 76% agreed the culturally accepted principle that women must first fulfill their responsibility at home and to
their families hinders their entry and progress in politics.
• lack of unity among women parliamentarians and they are not keen to take up women’s issues because of
party politics is not an issue as this thought is regretted by 36%.
• Almost people agree to increase each party’s membership of women to a minimum of 40% and
representation in the central working committee to a minimum of 30% to ensure that women participate in
the process of decision.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion drawn from literature reviewed and descriptive analysis shows
particularly in all perspectives women required to continue their struggle for
empowerment especially in political system.
Although numerical strength of the women in parliament has been increased but
still it is not justified quota as compare to their problems integrated with
approximately 50% of the total population, quota should be gender fair realistic
government with decision making authorities.
It has also been observed from concluded data that illiteracy cause of actual
ignorance leading to gender discrimination as data revealed after increasing
literacy level, all parties established their political women wings, in this connection
educational development of each Pakistani must be sustained in order to moderate
enlighten nation. Moreover, gender action plan developed to avert gender
harassment must be practiced with national action plans.