Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
HEALTH HAZARDS
Dale M. Hizon, M.D.
Occupational Health Officer
Occupational Safety and Health Center
ERGONOMIC CHEMICAL
HAZARD HAZARD
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARD
Ingestion
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
Routes of excretion
Skin Diseases:
Allergic/contact Plastic epoxides Plastic, varnish
dermatitis
Cardiovascular Disease:
Hypertension Lead, Cadmium Battery mfg. &
recycling
Atherosclerosis Carbon disulfide Degreasing, dry
cleaning
Arrythmias Fluorocarbon, Refrigeration, solvent
trichloroethylene workers
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Vibration
Extreme Temperature
Illumination
Radiation
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Ear Anatomy
• Hypertension
• Hyperacidity
• Palpitations
• Disturbs relaxation and sleep
Types
Segmental vibration
— pain
Health effects:
Fatigue
Irritability
Headache
Natural Conditions
Hot work processes related to furnaces, kilns,
boilers and smelting
Double Vision
Headaches
Painful irritation
Lacrimation
Conjunctivitis
VIRUSES FUNGI
BACTERIA PARASITES
I- Immunodeficiency I- Immune
V- Virus D- Deficiency
virus which causes
AIDS
S- Syndrome
serious and usually fatal
condition in which the body’s
immune system is severely
weakened and cannot fight
off infection.
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS
Demographic Data Feb 2009 Jan – Feb 2009 Cumulative Data
1984 – 2009
Total Reported Cases 47 112 3,701
Asymptomatic Cases 45 107 2,893
AIDS Cases 2 5 808
Males 38 95 2,595*
Females 9 17 1,095*
Youth 15-24 y/o 12 31 537
Children <15 y/o 1 2 52
Reported deaths due to 0 0 317
AIDS
Source: HIV / AIDS Registry, Department of Health, Philippines * Note: No data available on sex for eleven (11) cases.
Be Faithful
Condom
Do not inject
Drugs/no sharing of
needles
Education
Prevention
Active immunization with
tetanus toxoid
Careful wound
management
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
TUBERCULOSIS
caused by the bacteria,
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
caused by droplet nuclei
released when sneezing
and coughing
Symptoms: weight loss, low
grade afternoon fever,
persistent cough and
sometimes, blood-streaked
expectoration or hemoptysis
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Ten Leading Causes of Death by Sex
Number, Rate/100,000 Population &
Percentage, Philippines, 2004
Both Sexes
Cause Male Female
No. Rate Percent*
1. Heart Diseases 40,361 30,500 70,861 84.8 17.6
2. Vascular System Diseases 28,930 22,750 51,680 61.8 12.8
3. Malignant Neoplasm 21,395 19,129 40,524 48.5 10.1
4. Accidents** 28,041 6,442 34,483 41.3 8.6
5. Pneumonia 15,822 16,276 32,098 38.4 8.0
6. Tuberculosis, all forms 17,841 8,029 25,870 31.0 6.4
7. Ill-defined and unknown causes of
10,941 10,362 21,278 25.5 5.3
mortality
8. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 13,084 5,891 18,975 22.7 4.7
9. Diabetes Mellitus 7,970 8,582 16,552 19.8 4.1
10. Certain conditions from perinatal
7,809 5,371 13,180 15.8 3.6
period
Source: 2004 Philippine Health Statistics, Last Update: February 11, 2008
* percent share from total deaths, all causes, Philippines ** External Causes of Mortality
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
DOTS Strategy…the Solution!
Directly Observed Therapy Short Course
With DOTS
90% CURE RATE
the the
organization tool
the the
environment workstation
Goal
to reduce work-related musculoskeletal
disorders (MSDs) developed by workers
Painful joints
Pain, tingling, numbness in hands, wrists,
forearms, shoulders, knees and feet
Shooting or stubbing pains
Swelling or inflammation
Static
posture
Forceful exertion
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS
Repetitive movement
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS
Awkward posture
• Types of monitoring
1. Ambient / Environmental
2. Biological
3. Medical Surveillance
Identify cases
Clinical diagnosis
Treatment and surveillance
- measurable health effects Late
- Morbidity
- Mortality
End effects
- diseases
- unfavorable events (spontaneous
abortion)
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Standards, Policies and
Guidelines
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
Rule 1050
Rule 1070
Occupational Health and Environmental Control
Rule 1960
Occupational Health Services
1 – 50 1 Full time
51 - 99 1 Part time 1 Full time
4 hours/day 6x/week
100 – 199 1 Part time 1 Part time 1 Full time 1 Full time
4hrs/day 3x/week * 4hrs/day 3x/week *
200 - 600 1 Part time 1 Part time 1 Full time 1 Full time
4hrs/day 6x/week ** 4hrs/day 6x/week **
601 - 2000 1 Full time or 1 Full time 1 Full time every shift 1 Full time every shift
2 Part Time
4hrs/day 6x/week
2000 and more 1 Full time 1 Full time 1 Full time every shift 1 Full time every shift
1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week
*Alternate each day
** Alternate workshift in a day
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Rule 1960:
Occupational Health Services
Non - Hazardous Workplaces:
1 - 99 1 Full time
100 – 199 1 Part time 1 Full time
4hrs/day 6x/week
200 - 600 1 Part time 1 Part time 1 Full time 1 Full time
4hrs/day 3x/week * 4hrs/day 3x/week *
601 - 2000 1 Part time 1 Part time 1 Full time every shift 1 Full time every shift
4hrs/day 6x/week ** 4hrs/day 6x/week **
2000 and more 1 Full time 1 Full time 1 Full time every shift 1 Full time every shift
1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week
Health Examinations:
Entrance
Periodic
Special examination
Transfer examination
Separation examination
Health Protection
Health Promotion
Health Rehabilitation
Physical
Noise Woodwork Hearing Hearing Conservation
Operations Impairment Program
Immunization
OSHS, RULE 1960
Smoking cessation
RA 9211 Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003
HIV/AIDS
RA 8504 Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of
1998
National Workplace Policy on STD/HIV/AIDS initiated
by DOLE - 1997
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health Promotion
Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
RA 9165 Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002
Department Order No. 53-03: Guidelines for the
Implementation of a Drug-Free Workplace Policy and
Program for the Private Sector
Information
Education Relevant laws,
Training standards, issuances
Campaigns and guidelines
Good practices Enforcement
Successful cases
Implementation
Competitions
Demonstrations Inspection
Interventions Evaluation
scientific data
best practice