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Digital Filters
”filter” is just a synonym for ”system”, i.e.
a processing unit that alters the signal
characteristics in a specific manner.
”digital filter” is reserved for linear
discrete-time systems that are designed to
alter the frequency spectrum of the
discrete-time signal in a particular way.
We can classify discrete-time systems
based on the length of the impulse
response.
1. systems having an impulse
response of finite length, so-called FIR
systems, and
2. systems which have an infinitely
long impulse response, i.e. IIR systems.
The same classification is applicable to
the more confined set of digital filters.
4.2 Representation and properties of FIR
filters
4.2.1 Difference equation
The difference equation
is a non-recursive linear difference
equation, which describes a general causal
time-invariant FIR filter of order N.
x[k]= input to the filter ,
y[k] = the output
bn = filter taps or coefficients = N + 1
y[k] depends on the current input x[k]
and on previous inputs x[k − n] hence it is
a causal filter.
FIR filtering operation comes down to
performing a discrete linear convolution of
input signal x[k] and the filter coefficients
bk.
digital filtering comes down to a discrete
convolution in the time domain,
and hence, to a multiplication in the
frequency domain
FIR is also called a moving average filter.
A moving average filter is a filter that
calculates the mean of N+1 consecutive
signal samples.