Project ….???

 Control change is an important part of the

project management process.
 The control change process in project
management ensures that each change
proposed during a project is adequately
defined, reviewed and approved before
implementation.
 The control change process helps avoid
unnecessary changes that might disrupt
services and also ensures the efficient use of
resources.
Project management…??

Is the application of knowledge,

 Skills
 tools
 Techniques
To project activities to meet the project
requirements.
Project management processes fall
into five groups

 Initiating
 Planning
 Executing
 Monitoring and Controlling
 Closing
Project management knowledge
draws on ten areas:
 Integration
 Scope
 Time
 Cost
 Quality
 Procurement
 Human resources
 Communications
 Risk management
 Stakeholder management
 Project control.
Project control can be defined as,
management action, preplanned to
 achieve the desired result.

Project control is mainly concerned

with the metrics of the project
 such as quality, time, cost and
other resources.
Purpose of the project control
 The purpose of the project control
process is to guarantee that design
requirements, budget and schedule
are met by project team.
 The Process
1. Identify key performance areas
2. Set standards
3. Measure performance
4. Compare
5. Take corrective action
Project Control Objectives
 Check progress against acceptable standards at
due dates
◦ Standards of quantity are defined by the
drawings
◦ standards of budget are defined by the
estimate.
◦ Standards of time are defined by the schedule.
 Measurements of actual performance on the
project
◦ actual performance is monitored, documented,
and compared to the planned performance.
◦ A project control report is then produced. The
report is based on data from time sheets, daily
reports, purchase orders, etc.
Types of project control
 There are three basic types of
control mechanisms,

 cybernetic
 Go/No-go
 post-performance.
1. Cybernetic Control:

 The focus of this kind of control is

to reduce deviations from a
standard. The more the deviation,
more is the attention the situation
warrants.
 Cybernetic controls focus on the
outputs.
 The outputs can be in the form of
milestones or any thing else
2. Go/No-go Control:

 Go/no-go control takes the form of

testing to make sure that certain
preconditions are met before a task
is undertaken.
 This type of control can be used for
a specific part of the project .
 Go/no-go controls are linked to the
actual plans and are not
independently set on a calendar.
3. Post-performance Control:
 Post-performance controls are applied
after the completion of the project or
the task..
 The focus here is not on altering what
has already happened but in making
sure that good and bad practices are
recorded for being of help in future
projects.
 The post-performance controls include
a set of recommendations on how to
improve future projects.