What Is A Computer?

 Electronic device
 Used to
 Carry out arithmetic and logical operations
 Store and manipulate data

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 Types of Computers
Workstation
Desktop– PC, Microcomputer

Notebook– Laptop Personal Digital

Assistant– PDA,
Handheld, Pocket PC

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 Understanding the Computer

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 Computer System contains

Hardware Software

 A collection of related computer components that

are designed to work together.
 A system includes hardware and software.

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 Input

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 Processing

Arithmetic Logic

4 + 16 = 20 728 > 546

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 Processing Devices
Motherboard
Expansion Card

Central Processing Unit– CPU

Random Access
Memory– RAM

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 Output

The computer shows the results of the processing operation in a way

people can understand.

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 Output: Displaying the Information
Key Terms
 Monitors– Display processing results on a screen.
Cathode ray tube– Monitor similar to televisions.
Flat-panel displays (LCD)– Monitor that uses liquid
crystal diodes.

 Speakers– Enable the user to hear the results of sound

processing.

 Printers– Generate output on paper.

Impact printers– Print heads strike a ribbon to produce
an image.

Nonimpact printers– Transfer the image to the paper.

• Inkjet printers
• Laser printers

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 Storage

 The fourth operation.

 The computer saves the data or output so that it can be
used again later.

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 Storage: Holding Programs and Data for
Future Use
Key Terms
 Storage media– Includes all types of storage media.
Magnetic storage media– Uses magnetically sensitive
material.
Optical storage media– Uses a laser beam to scan pits
etched into a disc.

 Writing– Recording data to a disk.

 Reading– Playing back information on a disk.

 Floppy disk– Removable storage medium.

 CD ROM– Optical storage medium.

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 Input: Transforming Data into Information
Key Terms

 Command– A type of input that tells the program

what to do.

 Confirmation– A message that indicates if the

command was or was not carried out.

 Keyboard– Enables the user to input characters.

 Pointing device– Enables the user to move an on–

screen pointer.

 Speech-recognition– A program that enables the

computer to transcribe spoken words into text.
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 Processing: Transforming Data into
Information
Key Terms

 Central processing unit (CPU)– The computer’s processing

circuitry. It is also called a microprocessor.

 Chip– A wafer of silicon that contains a complex electronic

circuit.

 Motherboard– The computer’s main circuit board.

 Memory– Chips that store program instructions. Random

access memory (RAM) is the most important type.

 Expansion slots– A receptacle designed to accept a plug-in

expansion card.

 Expansion card– Used to connect peripherals (input/output

devices) to the motherboard.
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 Communications Devices

Key Terms
 Computer network– Two or more computers
linked by some type of connection.
 Modem– Enables access to other computers by
way of a telephone line.
 Network interface card (NIC)– Enables computers
to connect to each other in a limited geographic
area.
 Local area network (LAN)– Computers connected
to each other within a building or group of
buildings.

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 Communications Devices
Modem
Network Interface
Card– NIC

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 Software

 step-by-step instructions.
 Software is created by programmers using a
programming language.
 Programs contain units called files.
 Transferring a program into the computer’s
memory is called loading.
 Once loaded into memory the program’s
instructions are carried out or executed.

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 Types of Software
System software Application software

 System software– All programs that help the

computer function properly.
 Application software– All the programs you
use to perform a task such as writing a
letter or browsing the World Wide Web.

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 System Software

 System software is divided into two categories:

 The operating system:
Provides support for running application
software.
Coordinates the various functions of the
computer’s hardware.
 System utilities:
Are programs for optimizing computer
performance.

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 Types of Operating Systems

 Command-line interface– Users type

instructions at the keyboard, one line at a
time. Examples: MS-DOS, PC DOS, UNIX
 Graphical user interface (GUI)– Users choose
items from menus by using a pointing device
to click on icons which represent resources
and commands. Examples: Windows, Mac
OS

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 Command-Line Interface

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 Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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 Application Software

 Application software includes all programs that

enable us to use the computer in a useful way.
 Custom software is developed for specific needs.
 Packaged software is produced for the mass market.

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 Software Suite

MS WORD MS EXCEL MS POWERPOINT

MS ACCESS MS FRONT PAGE

 A collection of full-featured standalone programs

that usually share a common command structure
and have similar interfaces.

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 The Internet

 A world-spanning computer network.

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 Internet Services
World Wide Web– Electronic commerce– (e-commerce)
(WWW)

Electronic mail– (e-mail)

File Transfer Protocol– (FTP)

Instant messaging

 Standards and software that make Internet

resources, such as Web pages, files, and electronic
mail available to users.
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 The

End
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