UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT

DETECTION

Submitted by : Chopwad Vaibhav

 Contents
• Project overview
• Block diagram
• Power supply
• Arduino Duemalinove.
• Advantages
• Conclusion
• Future scope
• Bibliography
 Project overview
• The project uses the simple concept of OHMs law where a low
DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor.

• The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the
cable in case there is a short circuit of LL or 3L or LG etc.

• The series resistor voltage drop changes accordingly which is

then fed to analog input of programmed microcontroller would
display the same in Kilo meters.

• The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing

cable length in KMs and fault creation is made by a set of
switches at every known KM to cross check the accuracy of the
same.
Block diagram
 Hardware Requirements
• 8051 series Microcontroller
• LCD
• Crystal
• ADC
• Relays
• Relay Driver IC
• Transformer
• Diodes
• Voltage Regulator
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• LEDs
• Slide switches
 Software Requirements
• Keil Compiler
• Language: Embedded C or Assembly.
Power supply
• The 230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V AC using a
step down transformer.

• This is then converted to DC using bridge rectifier.

• The AC ripples is filtered out by using a capacitor and given to

the input pin of voltage regulator 7805.

• At output pin of this regulator we get a constant 5V DC which is

used for MC and other ICs in this project.
 ARDUINO

• The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single

board computer that has gained considerable traction in the
hobby and professional market.

• The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is

reasonably priced and development software is free.
Image of development board
 Features of Duemalinove

• The Duemalinove board features an Atmel ATmega328

microcontroller operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash
memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing
parameters.

• The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing

about 300,000 lines of C source code per second
• The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of
C/C++. If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar.

• If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands

are needed to perform useful functions.
 ADVANTAGES
• Less maintainance

• It has higher efficiency

• Less fault occur in underground cable

• Underground cable fault location model are applicable to all

types of cable ranging from 1kv to 500kv&other types of cable
fault such as Short circuit fault, cable cuts, Resistive fault,Sheath
faults, Water trees, Partial discharges.

• Improved public safety

 CONCLUSION

• In this project we detect the exact location of short circuit fault in

the underground cable from feeder end in km by using
microcontroller8051.

• For this we use simple concept of OHM’s law so fault can be

easily detected and repaired.
 FUTURE SCOPE

• In this project we detect only the location of short circuit fault in

underground cable line, but we also detect the location of open
circuit fault, to detect the open circuit fault capacitor is used in ac
circuit which measure the change in impedance & calculate the
distance of fault.