An administrative division within a

country or state.
A region within a country.
Large section of a country which has its
own administration.
A single urban administrative
division having corporate
status and powers of self-
government or jurisdiction.

Also known as the term TOWN.

Derived from the Latin term

MUNICIPIUM, which means
FREE CITY
Territorial & administrative district forming the most local level
of government.

The smallest administrative district.

The basic political unit that serves as the primary planning &
implementing unit.
 Pares Pares

Column A Column B
1. Dictatorial a. Government
2. Regime b. Vote
3. Legitimacy c. Autocratic
4. Incumbent d. Process of voting
5. Balloting e. Legality
6. Suffrage f. Nonelective
USE IT!
Dictatorial
Regime
Legitimacy
Incumbent
Balloting
Suffrage
THE NATURE OF ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
PHILIPPINES
 SUFFRAGE
The right and obligation to
vote of qualified citizens in the
election of public officers.
 VIEWS ON SUFFRAGE
A mere privilege- suffrage is not a natural
right but merely a privilege to be given or
withheld by the law.
A political right- suffrage enables a citizen
to participate in the process of
government.
 THEORIES ON SUFFRAGE
 TheNatural Right Theory-this theory claims
that the right to vote is natural and inherited
right to every citizen.
 The Legal Theory- suffrage is not a natural
right, but a political right granted by the law
of the State. Voting is a public function.
 THEORIES ON SUFFRAGE
 TheEthical Theory-considers the right to vote
as a means of self- expression of the
individual in political affairs.
 The Tribal Theory- in early Greek & Roman
States, suffrage was extended only to the
citizen class.
 THEORIES ON SUFFRAGE

The Feudal Theory-claims that the

right to vote depends on a
particular social status
 TYPES OF VOTE

 OneMan One Vote- every other is entitled to one

and only one vote.
 Single Transferrable Vote- designed for
multimember constituency, the voter possesses
only one vote, but he can make his priority like
1,2,3, etc., according to his requirement.
 TYPES OF VOTE
 PluralVoting- several qualifications are prescribed for
the right to vote such as payment of property tax and
education
 OpenBallot- the voters raise their hands to support a
candidate.
 Secret
Ballot- the voter casts his vote for a candidate,
without the knowledge of another person.
 SCOPE OF SUFFRAGE
 Election- means by which people choose their officials
 Plebiscite- the vote of the people expressing their choice for or
against a proposed law submitted to them.
 Referendum- submission of a law passed by the legislative body
to the people for their ratification or rejection
 Initiative- a method in which people directly propose and enact
laws.
 Recall- a method by which an elective local official may be
removed from office during his tenure.
 AGE QUALIFICATION

Based on the assumption that under a

certain age, human being have the
maturity, experience, education & sense of
judgment that will enable them to vote
with a reasonable degree of intelligence.
 RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION

Thisis to give reasonable period within

which a person can familiarize himself with
the needs and conditions and the
personalities of the nation and locality.
 PERSONS DISQUALIFIED TO VOTE

Those who have been sentenced to suffer

imprisonment for not less than one year.
Those who committed any crime involving
disloyalty to the government.
Those declared as insane or incompetent
person.
 SECRECY & SANCTITY OF THE BALLOT

Thisis to insure that the voters shall exercise

their right to freely, uninfluenced by
threats, intimidation or corrupt motives and
to secure a fair and honest count of the
ballots.
 ABSENTEE VOTING SYSTEM

 Filipinos
who, by force of circumstances, have
temporarily work & reside abroad but maintain
their love and loyalty to their native land are still
part of our Republic; they are also affected by
the quality of public officials & policies of the
government.
 ABSENTEE VOTING SYSTEM

 Filipinos
who, by force of circumstances, have
temporarily work & reside abroad but maintain
their love and loyalty to their native land are still
part of our Republic; they are also affected by
the quality of public officials & policies of the
government.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PARTY SYSTEM

 Two-party System- the major political parties

alternates with each other in the exercise of
political power.
 Multi-party System- more than two parties fight
in an election, and no single party gets the
majority control of power.
 LEFTIST, RIGHTIST, & CENTER PARTIES

 Leftist-the reform-minded party which seeks to

change the existing conditions of the party
 Rightist- a conservative group which aims to
maintain the status quo in the country.
 Center- adopted parties which are a mixture of
both left & right tendencies.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PARTY SYSTEM

 One-party System- only one political party holds

power either because it towers above others or
because it suppresses all other groups.
 PARTY FUNCTIONS

 Organize the Competition

 Unify the Electorate
 Inspire & Inform Voters
 Translate Preferences in
Policy
 Provide Loyal Opposition
 Organize Government
 Help Govern
 Act as Watchdogs
 Nominate Candidates
 Ensure Candidate
Quality
 POLITICAL PARTY

 An organization that seeks political power by

electing people to office so that its positions &
philosophy become public policy.
 A political organization that aims to attain &
maintain political power within government.
 POLITICAL PARTY

 Itis organization that mobilize voters on behalf

of a joint set of interests, concerns, and goals.
 Any aggrupation of persons come together on
how well the best interest of the people might
be served.
 Any group providing label upon which
candidate run for public offices.
 POLITICAL PARTIES MUST PERFORM THE
FOLLOWING LIST OF FUNCTIONS:

 Representation- the capacity to respond and

to articulate the views of both members &
voters.
 Elite Formation & Recruitment- the ability to
mold the political elite tasked to govern the
body politic.
 POLITICAL PARTIES MUST PERFORM THE
FOLLOWING LIST OF FUNCTIONS:
 Goal Formulation- the development of
programs of government within a view of
attracting popular support
 Interest Articulation & Aggregation- the task of
combining & harmonizing different demands &
expressing them into coherent policy
formulation
 POLITICAL PARTIES MUST PERFORM THE
FOLLOWING LIST OF FUNCTIONS:

 Socialization& Mobilization- the formation of a

national agenda & the creation of public
discourse to raise political awareness & build
the necessary values and attitudes that would
constitute a larger political culture.
 PHILIPPINE PARTY SYSTEM

 Parties must be furnished a copy of COMELEC

directives & orders in pursuant to the provisions
of the Omnibus Election Code (Art VIII)
 Parties must be notified by the COMELEC in the
use of technological & electronic devices
 PHILIPPINE PARTY SYSTEM

 Parties must be provided guidelines for

campaign spending
 Parties must limit their spending to 1.50 pesos
per voter for each candidate
 The two major parties shall have a
representative each in the board of election
inspector in every precinct & BOC
 PHILIPPINE PARTY SYSTEM

 Allparties can have a watcher in every polling

place
 Parties may hold party conventions or meetings
to nominate their official candidates 30 days
before the campaign period & 40 days for
presidential & vice-presidential candidates.
 PHILIPPINE PARTY SYSTEM

 Allparties can have a watcher in every polling

place
 Parties may hold party conventions or meetings
to nominate their official candidates 30 days
before the campaign period & 40 days for
presidential & vice-presidential candidates.